Popular Music, Youth and Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Popular Music, Youth and Education - Essay Example Green’s Music on Deaf Ears: Musical Meaning, Ideology and Education explains the status that popular music plays on a social standpoint. Green explains that the set-up of music in classrooms came about because of the roles and eventual division social classes in society. Because the only way to measure skills and set classifications for music was based on the performances of the students, the students who received the most education had enough money for private lessons (Green 51). Therefore, on a social level, it was the higher-class students whose parents set the standard for what music was going to be like in the school system. The study showed that students who had parents that were higher up on the social ladder were more interested in music than students who had parents lower on the social ladder (Green, pp 47-48). The higher class of students also had a higher appreciation for the classical training and thought they had a better understanding of the need, awareness and w isdom that this music brought to an educational setting (Green, 51). The willingness to learn and the likelihood that the students in the higher classes listened to this type of music out of the classroom were higher than students who did not receive this opportunity (Green, 52). The liking of classical music in the upper division and the fact that students who were fond of popular music over classical music not being represented in this study shows the role that music played in society and the relevance in education (Green, 45, 48).

Construction Essays Road Works Equipment

Construction Essays Road Works Equipment Road Works Equipment Road Works Equipment/Compaction/Asphalting Executive Summary Roads are the lifeline of any economically vibrant nation. In this perspective, the road works equipment assumes a special significance as it not only impacts the overall quality of roads in a country, but also influences the economies associated with the construction and maintenance of roads. Road works equipment is a billion dollar industry that is growing and expanding at an exponential pace. The construction and maintenance of roads involves many technical and procedural nuances that demands special procedures and specialities. The purpose of this report is to analyse these micro and macro details associated with road works equipment and to delineate the role played by the modern road works equipment in the dynamics and economics of road works Get help with your essay from our expert essay writers The contemporary road works equipment has completely altered the way road works companies conceptualize and plan their work and the way they allocate their resources. Traditionally speaking, the road works industry has been a labour intensive and capital intensive venture, a factor that significantly added to the costs of the construction and maintenance of roads. In such a scenario, the allocation of scarce resources and manpower used to become a cumbersome task that added to the complexity of the road works operations. One objective of this study is to delineate the changes and contrasts in the earlier practices and the modern day practices. Not only this report mentions the major companies, manufacturers and suppliers of road works equipment but also takes a look into the hire, purchase and leasing arrangements feasible in this industry. Introduction The road works and highway maintenance has become a field of astute specialization in itself. Hence all the aspects of this business are undergoing through a process of refinement and specialization with the passage of time. The way road works operations were managed in the past are a complete contrast to the ways things are done today. With the advent of mechanization in all the aspects of construction industry in the last few decades, the road works equipment has assumed a special significance and importance of its own. The main task before this report is to compare and contrast the earlier practices in the road works operations with the contemporary trends and practices. Though the roads always played a special significance in the economic and cultural well being of a nation, their importance has increased manifold in the new liberalized and globalized economic scenario. With the advent of trading blocks like the European Union (EU) on the scene, the roads have become a vital instrument of change and harmonization. The unprecedented increase in the number of automobiles over the years has necessitated the need for improvisation and ingenuity in the road works industry. Till the last few decades, the road works procedures in Europe were primarily capital intensive and labour intensive. A major chunk of the budgetary allocations in the road works assignments were set aside for the labour costs and the purchase of road works equipment. This massive augmentation into the costs of factors of constructio n unleashed a revolution into the road works equipment industry. It is well said that necessity is the mother of invention. Till now the manual approach in the road works operations was not only compromising on the quality of roads, but also coasted immensely in terms of time and assets. Soon a need was felt that the salient aspects of the road work aught to be mechanized by using the innovative and specialized equipment. This vital need was catered to by the companies specializing in the road works equipment. The impact of this change was felt acutely in the major road works tasks like compaction and asphalting. The new equipment not only saved much time and money but also performed the above mentioned tasks with an enhanced efficacy and refinement. The specific objective of this report is to deliberate on the changes unfolded by the arrival of mechanized procedures and new equipment. This new approach towards road works definitely increased the efficiency and savings associated with all the procedures. Discussion Innovation and specialization are the hallmarks of the scientific and economic development. Roads are an important aspect of the economic and cultural development. This aspect of the national growth has certainly undergone rapid and multifarious changes in terms of technological and procedural inputs. The way road works operations were planned and carried on in the past are definitely a far cry to the modern state of the art road works techniques and equipment. Today the roads are expected to satisfy a number of criteria and expectations which were never heard of and expected in the days of the yore. It will be really interesting to delve on the compromises and contrasts between the earlier practices and the modern day practices. 3.1 Earlier and Modern Day Practices Roads always played a special significance in the British financial, cultural and social life. The British rulers always paid a special attention to the roads and well understood their relevance in maintaing and upholding the economic and cultural growth in this vibrant nation. However, the roads of the yore were predominantly un asphalted and narrow and though they successfully catered to the needs and the aspirations of the times, they were no match to the modern metalled roads that were designed to meet the realities of industrial revolution and economic growth. The invention of automobiles and the industrial revolution proved to be a turning point so far as the history of road works is concerned. The new automobiles and transportation vehicles demanded very different types of roads, the construction of which required special features and procedures. This need gave birth to the nascent road works industry that was later to evolve into an important and vital aspect of the British business and cultural life. The new roads needed to be compact and levelled, the achievement of which required procedures like asphalting and compaction. In the earlier times, these procedures were performed mostly manually and were predominantly labour intensive. The crews associated with compaction tasks had to hustle to get their jobs done and open the roads to traffic. These compaction procedures performed manually required large amounts of time and investments. This augmented the public pressure to minimize the time spent with lane closures and traffic disruptions. These compaction procedures were mostly performed using bulky road rollers that produced nearly 2400 vibrations per minute and influenced the quality of roads. Thus the outcome achieved also proved to be flawed and not as per the ideal quality requirements. However, the advent of modern equipment has drastically changed the things. Today there are available the highway compactors that yield a miniscule 4000 vibrations per minute (ZOOM Info, 2008 ). This enables the construction crews to control the impact per foot that definitely magnifies the smoothness and the density of roads. The new compactors also enable the construction companies to perform the jobs well before the expected time limits and have minimized the frequency and time of lane closures and resultant traffic disruptions. As was with compaction, so stands true for the awesome task of asphalting. The process of asphalting involves paving the roads with a mixture of gravel and asphalt. This primarily involved the twin procedures of mixing and paving of asphalt. The asphalt mixing equipment used in the past was primarily manual and thus did not allow the mixing of asphalt as per the desired proportions and density. The modern asphalt mixing machines are totally automatic and allow the road works crew to choose the density and viscosity of the asphalt mixture as per their requirements (APELLC, 2008). This has certainly revolutionized the concept of road works. So also stands true for the bothersome task of asphalt paving. The asphalt laying and paving today is no more done manually as was the practise in the past. Today there are available such machines that perform the task of asphalt paving and laying at one go and that too automatically. This not only helps in constructing smoother and flawless roads b ut also allow the road works crews to achieve pavements pf desired thickness and with. Though the road works industry is a vital constituent of the national growth, the fact is that like any other business it is a business and has to abide by the norms and aspirations expected of all the successful ventures. Like other industries, the road works industry also aspires to cut down on its time related commitments and investments, modernize and automate its operations and use its finances to the optimum level. The road works ventures of today are way apart from the practises of the past in the sense that the usage of modern road works equipment and accessories enables them to achieve efficiency and savings which was not possible with the predominantly manual road works procedures of the past. The advent of modern road works equipment especially in the segment of asphalting and compaction has totally revolutionized the contemporary road works industry. 3.2 Major Companies/Manufacturers/Suppliers Today their exist many companies in the world that specialize in the manufacturing and supply of increasingly sophisticated and automated road building equipment that is in tandem with the changing industry needs (SED, 2008). Especially considering the lack of skilled labour in this industry in the West, the services rendered by these companies are increasingly in demand. Some of the major road works equipment manufacturers and suppliers are; Caterpillar Tadano Haulotte Group Ingersoll-Rand Company JCB Inc. Multiquip Inc. Stone Construction Equipment Inc. Dynapac Prater-Sterling Sebright Products Inc. Reynolds Industrial L.P. 3.3 Methods of Procurement Road works industry is primarily a capital intensive industry that needs the optimal utilization of the assets at its disposal. Hence it prefers to procure its equipment using a spectrum of methods like procurement, hiring, outsourcing, purchasing, purchasing on instalments and leasing. Hence most of the major companies dealing in the road works equipment offer a range of options and facilities to their customers. This not only ensures the optimum utilization of scarce resources but also enforces customer loyalty, brand preference and accountability in the long run. 3.4 Drivers and Barriers The recent upsurge in the number of automobiles and the stringent pollution norms has necessitated the up gradation of the existing roads throughout the developed world. The economic boom in Asia and South America has also motivated most of the international road works companies to shift their operations to these lucrative climes. This has enhanced the demand for the road works equipment related to compaction and asphalting. However, the availability of cheap unskilled labour and a shortage of skilled labour in Asia and Europe are hampering the introduction of sophisticated road works equipment. The recent recessionary trends in the West and the upsurge in the oil prices are also proving to be a major barrier to the expansion and growth of road works equipment industry. 4.0 Conclusion The introduction of the sophisticated road works equipment and machinery has definitely altered the face of road works industry. Courtesy the better and accurate compaction and asphalting machines, the quality of roads has improved drastically along with the optimal achievement of requisite economies and parameters. Considering the latest statutory guidelines pertaining to pollution in the developed world and the economic boom in the Asia and South America, the market for the road works equipment is expected to expand further. However, the road works industry being strictly capital intensive, the companies involved will have to offer a wide spectrum of procurement options and facilities to its customers. References Asphalt Paving Equipment, APELLC, viewed 17 July 2008, Industrial Machinery, ZOOM Info, viewed 17 July 2008, SED The National Event for Construction, viewed 17 July 2008,

The Athenian and American Systems of Government :: essays research papers fc

Athens of ancient Greece had perhaps the most advanced system of government of the ancient world. The system of Athens was called a Democracy. That is, every citizen voted on everything. People have claimed that the United States is also a Democracy. This is not true. The government of the United States is a Constitutional Republic (Every). United States citizens vote for representatives, who then vote on the laws. They themselves are limited by a constitution. Democracy is a flawed government system. The Constitutional Republic is also flawed, however, it is better at safeguarding individual rights, when applied correctly. Therefore, a Constitutional Republic is a better system than a Democracy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Athens was one of the largest Greek city states. (Stockton, 4). It was about one thousand square miles (Stockton, 4). Athens was founded in the 8th century BC (Muller). It was at first ruled by the college of archons. (Muller). After a term of one year, the archons became members of the Council of Elders (Muller). The people had a voice in the popular assembly, the Ekklesia (Muller). However, it did not have real power until 600 BC. By then, it was an established institution of Athens (Muller). It became the central policy making body in the 5th century. There were two main governmental bodies, the Assembly and the Council. (Acropolis). The Assembly was responsible for policy making. (Acropolis) The Council was responsible for administration and implementing the Assembly’s policies. Not everyone could participate in Athenian politics. Slaves, resident aliens, and women were excluded.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main architect of Athenian law was Solon. It is unknown when Solon was born. He died in 559 BC. (Plutarch). Solon allowed everyone to participate in court (Stockton 19). He created a code of laws based on justice, balance, and good order (Muller). Solon abolished the practice of debt bondage (Muller). Solon created the Council of 400 (Boule), and a court called the Heliaia. (Muller) Solon divided Athenians into classes in accordance with their income (Plutarch). The lowest class, the thetes, was ineligible for election to office (Plutarch). However, they could still come into the assembly and act as jurors (Plutarch). The other classes, from lowest to highest, were zeugits, hippies, and pentakosiomedimnoi (Muller).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Solon’s laws were obscure and ambiguous (Plutarch). The court, therefore, and wide powers of interpretation. This gave a significant amount of power even to the thetes. Before a matter could be submitted to the public for vote, it had to be approved by the Council of 400 (Plutarch).

Kuleshov Effect Essay

Montage is one of the three important steps in cinematographic creation, with pre-production and shooting. Technically, it is the action of cutting, pasting and putting together shots. It helps creating rhythm, meaning and order to the story. Montage is an art form : with the same shots, you can express thousands of different feelings and visions according to the montage used. Kuleshov, a Russian filmmaker in the 1920’s, is the first one to write about this theory, now known as the ‘Kuleshov Effect’. This theory is used everywhere now (advertisement, news paper†¦). The Kuleshov Effect theory is that every shot depends on the context, of what happened before and what will happen after. Kuleshov discovered that the viewer creates his own interpretation of what he sees on the screen. For example, with the shot of a man with no expression on his face, he can create the impression of hunger when putting a shot with food right after, or of sadness with a shot of a dead person, or of kindness with the shot of a little girl playing. This theory can be summarized with the formula A + B = C ; ‘A’ being the first shot, ‘B’ the second one, and ‘C’ the meaning the viewer’s mind creates by putting those two shots together. So the Kuleshov Effect is very powerful. When we had to work on a project using the Kuleshov Effect, with my teammates, Giovanna and Christian, we first decided to create a funny story. So we decided to do a funny final twist for our first work. The first shot, the ‘A’, was a boy running in the hallway, as if he was in a hurry to go to some very important place. The second shot was him looking desperately to something, and then the camera moved to the student store’s sign saying : ‘Closed’. So the emotion the viewer has when he sees the whole video is disappointment, because he was waiting for something very important to happen. But if we had used the same first shot with another ‘B’ shot, for example a policeman running, or someone dying in a hospital bed, the emotion would not have been the same. For our second work, we chose to do something more typical, like what Kuleshov did for his own experiment. So we shot the face of a boy, with no expression, for the ‘A’ shot. Then we shot three different situations : a vending machine (B1), a Tic tac toe (B2), and a girl walking in the hallway (B3). The idea was to show that with the same ‘A’ shot, put with different ‘B’ shots, a different emotion could be created ; A+B1 shows hunger, A+B2 shows focusing, and A+B3 shows attraction. To have the best shots as possible, we learned how to white balance a camera, which was not very easy since we had to do it manually ! When we started shooting, we had a very good time looking for how we should put the camera to have the greatest shot as possible ; it was very fun because we felt like real filmmakers. For example for our shot of the boy running in the hallway, we first wanted to use a pan and follow the boy running, but then we realized that the result was not as powerful as we would expect it to be, so we chose to use a steady shot instead, with an eye-level angle and a long shot to see the whole movement. Then another interesting shot in my opinion was the one of the ‘CLOSED’ placard ; we decided to use a tilt movement of the camera down to up, which was a smart choice I think because it seemed that the boy who was squat on the floor after running was looking up to the sign. For the second part of the work, we only used steady shots because we thought it would be more powerful for the experiment of the Kuleshov Effect. The face of the boy with no expression is a Close Up and Eye Level shot, because we learned that a close up was the best way to show the expressions of someone, and the goal of this shot was for the viewer to create his own emotion for that particular shot. But shooting is not the easiest thing of the world, most of the time we had to do the shots twice because the angle was not good, or the camera not white balanced enough. For the montage with FinalCutProX, we discovered that we could cut some of the shot we had, to reduce their length. That was a very effective feature for us because some of our shots tended to be too long for their purpose, for example to create suspense. Another really important feature of the software, of course, is that it allows you to place your shots as you want, and not especially in the order you shot them, which was great because sometimes we did not film our shots in the order we wanted them to appear in the final video. So montage is really a key step in the process of filmmaking.

Role of the Practitioner

ll early years practitioners have a role to play in quality improvement by developing their personal and professional skills as reflective practitioners. Linda Thornton and Pat Brunton discuss what you can do The quality of provision in any early years settings is dependent on the skills, attitudes, knowledge and experience of everyone who works there. Reflective practice is the key to quality improvement as it helps to identify the strengths and weaknesses of different aspects of a setting’s provision.Being a reflective practitioner involves thinking about how you currently work and evaluating what you do in order to improve your practice. The reflective practitioner stands back, takes a balanced view and recognises what works well, but is also able to acknowledge what could be changed. To be a reflective practitioner you need to be self aware and able to look as objectively and honestly as possible at how you work with children, colleagues and parents.This is not easy, but t aking a proactive role, reflecting on and analysing your own practice is far more rewarding than relying on someone in a more senior position to do this for you. Evaluating your own practice helps to put you in control of the changes that should be made, enables you to identify your professional development needs and will increase your confidence and feelings of job satisfaction. Reflective practice and self evaluation are fundamental to the Ofsted inspection process.By completing the Self Evaluation Form (SEF) managers and setting leaders are able to provide a snapshot of what happens in a setting. Through the SEF they can clearly identify the setting’s strengths and highlight what it does well. At the same time they can acknowledge any weaknesses in provision and plan the changes and improvements to be made. However, managers cannot achieve this alone. They are reliant on all practitioners in the setting taking responsibility for the quality of their individual practice and aiming for continuous improvement.The reflective practitioner in action Being a good role model Reflect on how enthusiastic, positive and optimistic you are and how you demonstrate this in your work from day to day. Think about how you treat colleagues, how well you listen to them and to what extent you are prepared to help out if needed. Consider the way to talk to children and how good you are at listening to what they have to say and following up on their ideas. How good are you at making parents feel welcome and at valuing what they can tell you about what is important for their individual child?Do you help the setting to run smoothly by thinking ahead and being proactive in solving problems as they arise? Do you take responsibility for your own professional development? Understanding the SEF By understanding the structure of the SEF and looking at the questions it asks you can become more aware of how your individual practice contributes to the overall provision of the setting . The SEF is in three parts that look at different aspects of how a setting functions.Part A: The details of the setting and the views of those who use it As a reflective practitioner, consider the contribution you make to the vision and values of the setting and what it aims to achieve for children and families. Think about how well you help parents and children to feel a part of the setting. How do you enable them to express opinions and have their views listened to? How good are you at contributing your ideas and opinions and listening to the views of others?

4 Great Going Away Gifts for Coworkers

4 Great Going Away Gifts for Coworkers Ever wonder what to get a coworker who’s leaving your office? This person may have become a real friend outside of work. Or he or she might be a face to nod and smile at in the hallway, with whom you’ve spent very little time outside the office. Either way, it’s nice to commemorate the time you’ve spent working together. It’s just very often hard to think of what to get for the going away gifts. Maybe the most appropriate thing to do is band together as a team and chip in a little (say, $5-10) for a larger, more expensive group gift. If that turns out to not be the best option, you can consider individual gifts. Just keep in mind that whatever gift you give should be something they’d be comfortable with unwrapping in public, in a professional setting.Here are some great ideas for departure gifts.Gifts for the Coworker Moving AwayIf your coworker is relocating, particularly somewhere new where they don’t have roots, consider a gift rela ted to their new locale:  a book about the history or food culture of a place, a local guidebook or restaurant guide, etc. Or, you could try the sentimental route and get a commemorative photo or book or trinket from where you are currently, so they can take it with them to their new life somewhere else.Gifts for the Coworker  Changing CreersMaybe  your coworker is switching fields- or even careers. A gift to commemorate the new job is a lovely gesture of support. A little gift bag of useful items, trinkets, or aspirational things suited for their new job or role can be very much appreciated- particularly if you add a little note of support to send them off with confidence!Gifts for the Coworker  Who Found Success on the JobWas there a particular achievement you shared? Consider having your team find an object or souvenir that symbolizes your work together. Then frame it, or put it on a stand, and make sure to all sign it in permanent marker. Wherever your coworker goes, the y’ll have the memory both of the accomplishment and of your team to brighten their office.Gifts for the Coworker You Don’t Know That WellIf you don’t have the time or energy to put together one of these more specialized gifts, the old standbys are always available! Try a bouquet of flowers and a group-signed card on their desk. A bottle of champagne or their favorite wine. Or even simply slap a bow on a box of chocolates. Remember, it’s the thought that counts.

The 49ers and the California Gold Rush

The 49ers and the California Gold Rush The Gold Rush of 1849 was sparked by the discovery of gold in early 1848 in Californias  Sacramento Valley. Its impact on the history of the American West during the 19th century was immense. Over the next years, thousands of gold miners traveled to California to strike it rich, and, by the end of 1849, the population of California had swelled by more than 86,000 inhabitants. James Marshall and Sutters Mill The discovery of gold is attributed to James Marshall, who found flakes of gold in the American River while working for John Sutter at his ranch in northern California on January 24, 1848. Sutter was a pioneer who founded a colony he called Nueva Helvetia or New Switzerland. This would later become Sacramento. Marshall was the construction superintendent who had been hired to build a mill for Sutter. This place would enter American lore as Sutters Mill. The two men tried to keep the discovery quiet, but it was soon leaked and news quickly spread of the gold that could be found in the river. First Arrivals The first lucky arrivals- those who emptied out the California cities over the first few months- were able to find nuggets of gold in the stream beds. The American River and other nearby streams regularly gave up nuggets the size of pumpkin seeds, and many were as large as 7–8 ounces. These people made quick fortunes. It was a unique time in history where individuals with literally nothing to their name could become extremely wealthy. It is no surprise that gold fever hit so heavily. The individuals who became the richest were in fact not these early miners but were instead entrepreneurs who created businesses to support all of the prospectors. Sam Brannans store in Sutters Fort grossed more than $36,000 between May 1 and July 10th selling equipment- shovels, picks, knives, buckets, blankets, tents, frying pans, bowls, and any kind of shallow dish. Businesses sprang up to meet the essentials this mass of humanity would need in order to live. Some of these businesses are still around today, such as Levi Strauss and Wells Fargo. The 49ers Most of the treasure seekers outside of California left their homes in 1849, once word had spread across the nation, which is why these gold hunters were called by the name 49ers. Many of the 49ers themselves picked an appropriate name from Greek mythology: Argonauts. These Argonauts were in search of their own form of a magic golden fleece- wealth free for the taking. Yet the majority of those who made the long trek out West were not so lucky. It was hard work to get to Sutters Mill: California had no roads, no ferries at river crossings, no steamships, and there were no hotels or inns on the few trails that did exist. The trek was arduous for those who came over land. Many made their journey on foot or by wagon. It could sometimes take up to nine months to get to California. For the immigrants who came from across the ocean, San Francisco became the most popular port of call. In fact, after the early decimation, San Franciscos population exploded from about 800 in 1848 to over 50,000 in 1849. The individuals who made their way out West during the Gold Rush met with numerous hardships. After making the journey, they often found the work to be extremely hard with no guarantee of success. Further, the death rate was very high. According to Steve Wiegard, staff writer for the Sacramento Bee, one in every five miners who came to California in 1849 was dead within six months. Lawlessness and racism were rampant. Manifest Destiny An estimated 60,000–70,000 people rushed into an area that had not long before supported 6,000–7,000 Yaqi, Mayo, Seri, Pima and Opata Native Americans. The would-be miners came globally, but selectively: Mexicans and Chileans, Cantonese speakers from South China, African-Americans, French came in droves, but not Brazilians or Argentineans, not Africans, not people from Shanghai or Nanjing or Spain. Some Native Americans joined in the free-for-all but others fled the massive influx of people. The Gold Rush reinforced the idea of  Manifest Destiny, forever entwined with the legacy of President James K. Polk.  America was destined to span from Atlantic to Pacific, and the accidental discovery of gold made California an even more essential part of the picture. California was admitted as the 31st state of the Union in 1850. Fate of John Sutter But what happened to John Sutter? Did he become extremely wealthy? Lets look at his account. By this sudden discovery of the gold, all my great plans were destroyed. Had I succeeded for a few years before the gold was discovered, I would have been the richest citizen on the Pacific shore; but it had to be different. Instead of being rich, I am ruined.... Because of the United States Land Commission proceedings, Sutter was delayed in being awarded the title to the land which he had been given by the Mexican Government. He himself blamed the influence of squatters, people who immigrated to Sutters lands and took up residence. The Supreme Court eventually decided that parts of the title that he did have were invalid. He died in 1880, having fought for the rest of his life unsuccessfully for compensation. Resources and Further Reading Gold Rush Sesquicentennial. The Sacramento Bee, 1998.  Holliday, J. S. The World Rushed In: The California Gold Rush Experience. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2002.Johnson, Susan Lee. Roaring Camp: The Social World of the California Gold Rush. New York: W. W. Norton Company, 2000.  Stillson, Richard Thomas. Spreading the Word: A History of Information in the California Gold Rush. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2006.  Sutter, John A. The Discovery of Gold in California. The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. Reprinted from Hutchings California Magazine, November 1857.

Proposed Amendments to the U.S. Constitution

Proposed Amendments to the U.S. Constitution Any member of Congress or state legislature can propose amendments to the U.S. Constitution. Since 1787, more than 10,000 amendments have been proposed. These proposals range from banning the desecration of the American flag to balancing the  federal budget to altering the Electoral College. Key Takeaways: ​Proposed Amendments Since 1787, more than 10,000 constitutional amendments have been proposed by members of Congress and state legislatures.  Most proposed amendments are never ratified.  Some of the most commonly proposed amendments relate to the federal budget, the freedom of speech, and congressional term limits.   The Amendment Proposal Process Members of Congress propose an average of nearly 40 constitutional amendments every year.  However, most amendments  are never ratified or even passed by the House or Senate. In fact, the Constitution has been amended only 27 times in history. The last time a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified was 1992, when the 27th Amendment preventing Congress from giving itself immediate pay raises was cleared by the states. The process of amending the Constitution in this particular case took more than two centuries, illustrating the difficulty and reluctance among elected officials and the public to changing a document that is so revered and cherished. For an amendment to be considered, it must receive  a two-thirds majority vote in both the House and Senate or be called for at a constitutional convention voted on by two-thirds of state legislatures. Once an amendment is  proposed, it must be ratified by at least three-fourths of the states to be added to the constitution. Many proposed amendments to the U.S. Constitution fail to catch on, even those that appeared to have the support of the most powerful elected official in the land: the president of the United States. President Donald Trump, for example, has expressed support for both a constitutional ban on flag-burning and on  term limits for members of the House and Senate. (The Founding Fathers rejected the idea of imposing term limits when writing the U.S. Constitution.) Commonly Proposed Constitutional Amendments The overwhelming majority of proposed constitutional amendments deal with the same few topics:  the federal budget, freedom of speech, and term limits. However, none of the following amendments have gained much traction in Congress. Balanced Budget Among the most contentious proposed amendments to the U.S. Constitution is the balanced-budget amendment. The idea of  preventing the federal government from spending more than it generates in revenue from taxes in any fiscal year has drawn support from some conservatives. Most notably, it won backing from President Ronald Reagan, who vowed in 1982 to do all he could to get Congress to pass the amendment. Speaking in the Rose Garden of the White House in July 1982, Reagan said: We must not, and we will not, permit prospects for lasting economic recovery to be buried beneath an endless tide of red ink. Americans understand that the discipline of a balanced-budget amendment is essential to stop squandering and overtaxing. And theyre saying the time to pass the amendment is now. The balanced-budget amendment is the single most commonly  proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution, according to a Pew Research Center analysis of legislation. Over the course of two decades, members of the House and Senate introduced 134 such proposed amendments -   none of which went beyond Congress.   Flag-Burning In 1989, President George H.W. Bush  announced his support for a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would have banned the desecration of the American flag. However,  the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the  First Amendment  guarantee of  freedom of speech  protected the activity. Said Bush: I believe that the flag of the United States should never be the object of desecration. Protection of the flag, a unique national symbol, will in no way limit the opportunity nor the breadth of protest available in the exercise of free speech rights. ...  Flag burning is wrong. As President, I will uphold our precious right to dissent, but burning the flag goes too far and I want to see that matter remedied. Term Limits The Founding Fathers rejected the idea of congressional term limits. Supporters of a congressional term limit amendment argue that it will limit the possibility for corruption and bring fresh ideas into the Capitol. On the other hand, critics of the idea argue that there is value in the  experience gained when congressional leaders serve multiple terms.  Ã‚   Other Examples of Proposed Amendments The following are some other recently proposed amendments to the U.S. Constitution. Repealing the 16th Amendment. The 16th amendment created the income tax in 1913. Representative Steve King of Iowa proposed a repeal of this amendment in order to eliminate the income tax and ultimately replace it with a different tax system.  Rep. King stated: â€Å"The federal government has the first lien on all productivity in America. Ronald Reagan once said, ‘What  you tax you get less of.’ Right now we tax all productivity. We need to turn that completely around and put the tax on consumption. That is why we need to repeal the 16th Amendment which authorizes the income tax. Replacing the current income tax with a consumption tax will ensure that productivity is not punished in our country, but rewarded.†Requiring a two-thirds vote of from each house  of Congress to increase the statutory limit on the public debt, from Rep. Randy Neugebauer of Texas.  The United States debt ceiling is the maximum amount of money that the federal government is allowed to borrow to meet its existing legal financial obligations, including Social Security and Medicare benefits, military salaries, interest on the national debt, tax refunds, and other payments. The U.S. Congress sets the debt limit and only Congress can raise it. Stating that the Constitution neither prohibits voluntary prayer nor requires prayer in schools, from Rep. Nick J. Rahall II of West Virginia. The proposed amendment states that the constitution will not be construed to prohibit voluntary prayer or require prayer in school.  Overturning Citizens United, the U.S. Supreme Court decision that the federal government cannot limit corporations from spending money to influence the outcome of elections, from Rep. Theodore Deutch of Florida.  Limit the power of Congress to impose a tax on a failure to purchase goods or services, from Rep. Steven  Palazzo of Mississippi. This proposed amendment seeks to undo the federal mandate that Americans carry health insurance, as spelled out by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act signed by President Barack Obama.  Ending the practice of including more than one subject in a single law by requiring that each law enacted by Congress be limited to only one subject and that the subject be c learly and descriptively expressed in the title of the law, from Rep. Tom Marino of Pennsylvania. Giving  states the right to repeal federal laws and regulations when ratified by the legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, from Rep. Rob Bishop of Utah. Bishop argues that this proposed amendment would add an additional system of checks and balances between state and federal governments. The founding fathers crafted the Constitution to include the concept of checks and balances. Sources DeSilver, Drew. Proposed Amendments To The U.S. Constitution Seldom Go Anywhere. Pew Research Center, 2018.Frank, Steve. The Top 10 Amendments That Havent Made It (Yet).  National Constitution Center, 2010.Amending America: Proposed Amendments to the United States Constitution, 1787 to 2014:  National Archives

Advise UK Commodities Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Advise UK Commodities - Assignment Example One issue that arises under the incoterms is the CIF1. This term refers to the Cost Insurance Freight. In this case, the issue of CIF Southampton arises, and this involves the costs, and Insurance Freights of delivering the products to Southampton. In CIF, the seller insures the products during the course of transportation and delivery. FOB Southampton on the hand denotes that the buyer will have to bear all the risks, and costs associated with the transportation of the goods once the goods pass through the ships rail. In this case, UK commodities contracted Dutch grains, to supplier 45,000 bags of wheat, in March. The supplier had to ship them directly to Southampton, from Rotterdam. As shippers, the company arranged to transport the cargo and the goods were at the port by 25th of March. However, the ship delayed till the 2nd of April and despite this, the ship master issued the goods with a clean bill of lading without checking. The ship used another route that of Calais, instead o f that of Rotterdam. The result of this breach of the contractual agreement was that the price of wheat fell, and a large quantity of wheat under transit was damaged. Dutch Grains breached the contract in the following ways, 1. Did not transport the commodities at the required time. Section 29 of the 1979 sale of goods act outlines the rules concerning the delivery of a product or goods. Section 29 part 1 of the sale of goods act denotes that it is the stipulations of the contract to determine who will transport the goods to the buyer’s premises. Section 29, part 3 of the act denotes that the seller must send the goods to the buyer, at within the agreed time, and if the time period is not agreed, the seller must send the goods to the buyer within a reasonable time, and this time must depend on the matter of facts. Section 13 of the 1979 Sale of Goods act denotes that a buyer can refuse to accept the goods if they do not meet the description contained in the contractual agreem ent2, and this also includes the time when the goods are supposed to be delivered. In our case above, the carrier hired by Dutch grains did not transport the grains within a reasonable time, because they were to transport it on March, and they failed. They also used a longer route that contributed to the delay in delivery of the wheat. On this basis, they breached the provisions contained in section 29 parts 3 of the 1979 sale of goods act. Section 29 part 5 of the act denotes that if this is breached, the contract can be rendered void3, and thus the buyer can refuse to accept the goods. 2. Did not supply the goods in the right quality. Another breach by the carriers is that they supplied the wheat products when they were already damaged. Section 35 part 2 of the 1979 sales act denotes that a buyer who has never examined the goods under consideration has not accepted the goods until he has examined them in order to ascertain if the goods are in accordance to the agreements stipulate d in the contract. Subsection (b) of part 2 denotes that if the sale of the goods is by sample, the buyer must ascertain that quality of the goods under consideration, matches the quality of the sample. In our case above, a large proportion of the wheat were damaged4. On this basis, the buyer can reject the goods under consideration. This argument is reinforced by the provisions contained in Section 35A part 1(a) which denotes that the buyer has a right to reject goods brought to him by a seller, if he breaches the contractual agreement. Part (b) of the same section denotes that a buyer can reject some of the goods that have breached his contractual obligation with the seller. In our case abov

Gender Roles in Much Ado About Nothing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gender Roles in Much Ado About Nothing - Essay Example In the play the majority of characters including Hero, Leonato, Claudio and Benedick are characters who adhere to Renaissance ideals. In contrast, Beatrice stands out as the only character that does not conform to the ideals of the Renaissance period. During the Renaissance, man was superior to woman in all aspects. Women were seen as inferior to men. They were subservient to the men in the family and were expected to obey the men in all aspects of their lives. Men made all decisions and the women were expected to obey them. Women represented virtues such as obedience, piety, chastity, humility and patience. Renaissance society was a patriarchal society. At every point on the social scale, a man was the head of the household. A woman was controlled by her parents throughout her childhood, then, handed over to her husband who would exercise control over her until death. This patriarchal attitude can be seen in the characters of Antonio and Leonato. Antonio advises Hero, â€Å"Well ni ece, I trust you will be ruled by your father† (Act 2 Sc i). A daughter is supposed to obey her father even when it comes to choosing a husband. Leonato reminds Hero how to behave when the prince comes to woo her. Then, when it becomes clear that the prince was on behalf of Claudio and not himself, Leonato accepts the sudden change of son-in-law with no consideration for his daughter’s feelings. He demands that his daughter agree to a marriage whether she approves of it or not. Beatrice suggests that Hero agree with her father only if it pleases her to do so. She says, â€Å"Yes, faith, it is my cousin’s duty to make cursy and say, ‘Father, as it please you.’ But for all that, cousin, let him be a handsome fellow, or make another cursy, and say, ‘Father, as it please me’† (Act 2, Sc i. 52 -56). To this, Leonato says â€Å"Well, niece, I hope to see you one day fitted with a husband† (Act 2, Sc i. 53 -54). In fact, Leonato i s reminding Beatrice that she is a maid, an old unmarried maid, something that is looked upon unfavorably by the Renaissance patriarchal society. In the patriarchal society, a woman’s ultimate goal is to marry and be an obedient wife. Similarly, Leonato displays his adherence to the traditional male role in other sections of the play. Later in the play, following Claudio’s denunciation of Hero, Leonato does not heed to his daughter’s claims that she is innocent and wishes her death rather than live with a tarnished reputation. â€Å"Do not live, Hero, do not ope thine eyes, / For, did I think thou wouldst not quickly die, / Thought I that thy spirits were stronger than thy shames, / Myself would on the rearward of reproaches / Strike at thy life. (Act 4, Sc I 123 – 127). Even when the rest of the household believes in Hero’s innocence and takes her side in the conflict, he is convinced of Hero’s tainted reputation. It is only after Benedick and the friar swear they believe in Hero’s innocence, does he relent. Leonato’s love for his daughter only lasts as she protects his name and honor. Once it appears that she has brought shame, he wants her to die and put an end to the dishonor she has brought. Not only does Hero willingly submit to her father as his obedient daughter, she is also willing to submit to her husband as his wife. She is performing her roles as an obedient daughter and

Electronic Art Inc. Analyst Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Electronic Art Inc. Analyst Report - Assignment Example Today, the company is one of the largest interactive entertainments that deal with the software companies (Zippay, Lori 87). The company is located in CA 94063 in Redwood City. In 2001, Electronic Arts acquired pogo.com. Pogo is at the forefront in offering the services of online family games with nearly seventeen million members who are registered. Because of the company’s popularity, most leading research companies names the acquired firm as one of the stickiest web pages in 2000. But the financial details of the deal remained disclosed. In 2000, the company released The Sims, which was rated as the best-selling personal computer game of all time. In 1998, the company announced that it had signed a deal to buy all the outstanding stock of a company called the Westwood Studios. Additionally, it bought the Virgin Interactive Entertainment studio assets. Virgin Interactive Entertainment is one of the branches of Spelling Entertainment Group. The transaction cost was valued at 1 22.5 million dollars. COMPANY PROFILE Ticker symbol The video game maker company changed its NASDAQ stock exchange from â€Å"ERTS† to â€Å"EA†. The ticker symbol was made effective on Thursday 15th Dec 2011. Therefore, the current ticker symbol for Electronic Arts is â€Å"EA† Mission Statement The mission statement for Electronic Arts is â€Å"We are an association of Electronic Artists who share a common goal. We want to fulfill the potential of personal computing†. Corporate Headquarters The company is a global organization with development studios and offices that are located across the world. The company provides their employees with opportunities and avenues to leverage their talents across various locations of the world. The company makes sure that all workers in all regions are equipped with best investment, great facilities, and support to work while maintaining team spirit and creativity. The company has united locations to generate the passio n of creating great game software which fulfills the quest for entertainment ("Multimedia & Graphics Software Industry Leaders & Laggards: Industry Center - Yahoo Finance."). Electronic Arts operates its corporate headquarters in California in Redwood Shores. Its regional headquarters is in Singapore and Geneva Switzerland. Additionally, the company has worldwide studios in the following areas: United States ( Tiburon, Maxis, Mythic, Visceral Games, and All Play), Canada (All play, Bio Ware, EA Montreal, and EAC ), Europe (Galway, Criterion, Digital Illusions, Phonemic, and Bucharest), and Asia (Shanghai, Seoul, Hyderabad, Pandemic, Singapore, Melbourne) ("Multimedia & Graphics Software Overview: Industry Center - Yahoo Finance."). Date of Incorporation The company was founded and incorporated in 1982 May. The founder of the company was Trip Hawkins. Electronic Arts became the pioneer of the home computer games and was known for promoting the programmers and designers that are respo nsible for their own games. The company became the 3rd largest software companies for games after Activision Blizzard and Nintendo (Zippay, Lori 98). Electronic Arts Executive Name Position Andrew Wilson Chief Executive Officer Lucy Bradshaw Senior Vice President Maxis Frank Gibeau Executive Vice President EA mobile Blake Jorgensen Chief Financial Officer Joel Linzier Executive Vice Pr

To make a lasting contribution in the media field Essay

To make a lasting contribution in the media field - Essay Example This shortage affects Middle East itself and affects the other nations who are involved in the region. The shortage of mentors and researchers will hinder the media aspirants to pursue the study. I planned to be skilled in Middle East media issues for such expertise is in urgent need. I foresee myself doing further researches, teaching and consulting work related to the media field. By pursuing PHD, I can now help my country by mentoring those who have great interest in the field of media and journalism and I am sure that your university will be the best place to help me achieve my goals. In my application for this studentship, I wanted to focus on "News Media and the Dynamics of Terrorism". I am confident that my academic background and job experiences are few of the many factors which will help me succeed in doing this research. First of all, I have the appropriate academic background and professional experience in the news editing, writing and analyzing. I have a 5 year experience in a newspaper and magazine company. I have also taken up master's education focusing in Media Production which is a scholarship granted to me by British Council. The background of my education alone gives me enough competence to deal with the researched subject which is to analyze and understand the audience reaction towards the "influence of news coverage to the general publics understanding of terrorism". Beside that, being a journalist from Middle East gives me a significant knowledge about the cultural dimension of the subject in which the research questions will be answer in full understanding of all related factors to the subject. My experience as an editor of the international and local news at the first page gives me an opportunity to learn more and do investigative reports on different topics Being born and raised in Arabic and Islamic country will help me in researching the "news coverage's influence on attitudes towards terrorism among subcultures understanding." Being a native in Arabic language, I can communicate to these communities effectively which is mainly Islamic "Pakistani" and Arabic communities residing in UK and consequently, I will be able to formulate a better solution to integrate them in the society. Methodology Along with consulting and direction from the project supervisor and after doing a deep theoretical research on the project, I plan to answer the project questions by using more than one research techniques. This research should be conducted in different stages and rolling the ball will motivate and extract publics' opinion toward the issue related to the subject. Surveys, questionnaires and interviews will be conducted to know the audience reaction and attitude toward the news coverage related to the terrorism news. These Surveys, questionnaires and interviews will encompass samples of the public audience and subculture sympathizers' audience. Random survey results will be representing the point of views of different types of correspondents. Interviews to media personalities like editors, producers and anybody related to media and communication industry will also be first-hand providers of information about many factors related to the

Choose 1 of the 4 questions I will upload on the file Essay

Choose 1 of the 4 questions I will upload on the file - Essay Example s the biggest competition on the market, public service broadcasting (PBS) has a lot to offer to its audience in order to stay competitive and up-to-date. Growing internet penetration represents another challenge for broadcasters. Governmental intervention has always represented a constant danger for media independence. According to the official website of UNESCO public broadcasting â€Å"is broadcasting made, financed and controlled by the public, for the public. It is neither commercial nor state-owned, free from political interference and pressure from commercial forces (Public Service Broadcasting).† What does it mean â€Å"financed and controlled by the public†? Does the government serve the interests of the public when impose regulations or censor the actions of the PBS? In this paper I would like to address these questions and issues that public broadcasters are facing. The role and importance of public service broadcasters has changed over the time, but the services that broadcasters provide are still valued, appreciated and needed. It is hard to define what public service broadcasting is since the role of the PBS is changing and there is no clear universal and accepted model in the world. However majority of scholars, journalists and media professionals agree that public broadcasting should be independent from the state interference and regulation, even though public broadcasters use public funds and serve the public interest. PBS should provide examples of professional journalistic standards and practices. At the same time transparency and accountability are also vital for the effective work of PBS. These ideas provide a definition of a perfect system of PBS, while things are different in reality. I would definitely support Richard Berry who believes that public services, such as enhancing democratic changes, supporting cultural values and educational norms should go first and broadcasting second (Jakubowicz 2007). The question is: â€Å"should PBS give

Literature mary shellys frankenstein Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Literature mary shellys frankenstein - Essay Example It didn’t take but a few moments for me to realize the logical extrapolation of the relevancy of Frankenstein. While Victor Frankenstein’s fictional undertaking took place in the early 19th century, the same story line- blindly ambitious genius creates a scientific marvel that becomes the source of his mental destruction- has been and is still seen throughout history. In the mid 19th century, Alfred Nobel developed dynamite. His invention made earth-moving projects extremely more affordable, and ushered in a new era of major construction projects. But his ambition to create the world’s best explosive had a dark side. Dynamite would become incorporated into weapons of war, used in assassination attempts, and the cause of many accidental deaths. Alfred Nobel would become haunted by his creation, however, and became especially remorseful, even terrified, when a mistaken obituary made him realize the world thought of him as the creator of a tool of destruction. From then on, Nobel’s creation haunted him, and he sought to make up for what he felt bad for creating, and thus donated most of his wealth to the creation of the Nobel Prize Foundation (NobelPrize.org). Thus, Alfred Nobel, after the fictional Frankenstein, embodied the same general story as the novel. Another, more contemporary example of the relevancy of Frankenstein is the scientist J. ... Oppenheimer, however, would come to be haunted by his creation, just as Victor Franken was. Therefore, Oppenheimer serves as another more contemporary example of the relevancy of Frankenstein today. Of course, the previous examples have not been extremely modern, but this is because we can only see the overlying theme when looking back. Today, Frankenstein is even more relevant since we have even more problems to solve. Increasing technology makes our research more efficient, and this improved rate of research has allowed us to tackle the big questions, like if we have free will, what dark matter is, and how the universe was created (JupiterScientific.org). The solution to questions like these could have even larger ramifications than Frankenstein faced. Say, for instance, that a champion of research undertook an ambitious campaign and managed to discover the reality of dark matter, and was subsequently able to harness it and generate massive amounts of power. But some rogue governme nt, like North Korea, got ahold of the technology, and was able to develop a super weapon. Dark matter then would be developed by all nations with a large military program, The USA, China, Russia, India, etc. all have their own programs, and through research and espionage most major nations of the world get ahold of these dark matter super weapons, which are then used in wars around the globe, making killing even easier. I could see that original researcher would be haunted by the destruction being caused by his creation, and would live perpetually tormented much like Victor Frankenstein. Now we must examine whether promoting blind ambition is still worth it. Do the pros outweigh the cons of these creations, be if

Choose 1 of the 4 questions I will upload on the file Essay

Choose 1 of the 4 questions I will upload on the file - Essay Example s the biggest competition on the market, public service broadcasting (PBS) has a lot to offer to its audience in order to stay competitive and up-to-date. Growing internet penetration represents another challenge for broadcasters. Governmental intervention has always represented a constant danger for media independence. According to the official website of UNESCO public broadcasting â€Å"is broadcasting made, financed and controlled by the public, for the public. It is neither commercial nor state-owned, free from political interference and pressure from commercial forces (Public Service Broadcasting).† What does it mean â€Å"financed and controlled by the public†? Does the government serve the interests of the public when impose regulations or censor the actions of the PBS? In this paper I would like to address these questions and issues that public broadcasters are facing. The role and importance of public service broadcasters has changed over the time, but the services that broadcasters provide are still valued, appreciated and needed. It is hard to define what public service broadcasting is since the role of the PBS is changing and there is no clear universal and accepted model in the world. However majority of scholars, journalists and media professionals agree that public broadcasting should be independent from the state interference and regulation, even though public broadcasters use public funds and serve the public interest. PBS should provide examples of professional journalistic standards and practices. At the same time transparency and accountability are also vital for the effective work of PBS. These ideas provide a definition of a perfect system of PBS, while things are different in reality. I would definitely support Richard Berry who believes that public services, such as enhancing democratic changes, supporting cultural values and educational norms should go first and broadcasting second (Jakubowicz 2007). The question is: â€Å"should PBS give

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 17

Philosophy - Essay Example The criminal whom the officer did not arrest may end up harming another person. Taking a bribe is, therefore, not a good thing to do. It only benefits the officer, while harming the public or the society. Furthermore, the officer may lose his or her job. Taking of bribe will only lead to happiness within a short run, but in the long run, it will lead to grief. However, refusing a bribe is beneficial to the officer and the society. The officer will arrest the criminal, and reduce crime within the society. This leads to much happiness within the community, and chances are high that the officer may get promotions. Based on this example, carrying out an activity that leads to the happiness of the society is beneficial. This is because the effects of the action will last long, and it will also benefit the society, and the individual himself. Basing on the example of the police officer, refusing a bribe led to the reduction of crime, and also to his or her promotion. It is, therefore, important to conclude that an action that results to the general good of the society, will lead to more happiness. It is the right thing to

The Moral And Ethical Role Of Government

The Moral And Ethical Role Of Government Ethics and morality form a central position in the functioning of the government. Under normal circumstances, it is the role of the government to ensure a just society where order and harmony exist. As a result the government has to establish and enforce ethical and moral standards so as to ensure that the society functions well. Decision making is the governments chief role. Therefore it must make ethical and moral considerations in order to make decisions that are in line with the welfare of the society. Ethics and morality are used interchangeably. The two terms are related in several ways. Nonetheless, there is an inconsequential dissimilarity linking the two. Most commonly is the fact that morality goes deeper than ethics in defining human behavior and conduct. Ethics refer to the standards that make the society a better place of all while morality provide for more deeper considerations that amount to religion and spirituality. In order for the government to ensure that ethical standards are adhered to, ethics and aspects of morality are entrenched into the law. This makes it conveniently possible to enforce ethical standards and ensure that all people conform to the law. However, certain aspects of ethics and morality cannot be made legal. This will make the society more complicated since certain morality aspects and ethics are perceptive. This brings into perspective the facet of belief and religion which formulates different people to hold diverse views on the concept of ethics and morality. The upshot is that, the government plays a significant role in enforcing ethics and morality. As a result it is expected that the leaders ensure that the society is just and orderly for all. The aim of this paper is to critically examine the role of the government in morality an ethics. To succeed in this endeavor, the paper will discuss different aspects of morality and ethics. Role of Government One of the central purposes of the government is to enforce the law. The law represents the will of the people who have their own cultural and ethical perceptions of reality. As a result the government enforces the ethical and moral values of the people it governs. In other words it can be rightly said that the government serves to accomplish the peoples perceptions of reality as represented in their ethical and moral values. This makes the role of the government more complex not forgetting that not all values of ethical and moral consideration can be enforced by the government. However, the government remains the prime custodian of peoples values. Ethics and moral values have a great influence on the operation of the society. It is therefore true that the government exercises control over the society. This is true in light of the task of enforcing laws. In order to get a better understanding of the role of the government as far as ethics and morality is concerned; more focus should be on the law (Preston Bishop 2000). The law is the governments instrument of power. To perform its functions, the government relies majorly on the law. On the other hand the law is perceived as being representative of the ethical, cultural and moral values of the people. Therefore as much as the law might not be the perfect tool of enforcing ethical and moral values, it remains the governments chief weapon against unprincipled practices and immorality. The law describes what is right and acceptable in society and therefore provides a blue print towards an ethical and just society. In order to affirm their quest for a just society, citizens are expected to adhere to the provisions of the law. Therefore, the law binds the society together bringing harmony among different people. Failure to conform to the law is perceived as breaking ethical standards established and is thus punishable. Therefore, the law is perceived as the peoples will to be enforced by the government. There are a lot of challenges the government faces in its ethical and moral roles. First and foremost are the different perceptions of ethics and morality. This is coupled by the practical reality that the law does not fully represent ethical and moral standards. Perceptions are a great threat to the governments role. This is due to the fact that certain parameters which are legal are sometimes perceived as violating ethical and moral standards. A good example is the issue of abortion. As much as abortion might be legalized, it still remains a debatable ethical issue. This is due to the fact that it is seen by some members in society as unethical. Other issues include divorce and promiscuity. These conflicts underline the fact that the law is not a sufficient tool of enforcing ethical and moral values. It underscores the failure of the government to ensure a just society through enforcing the law. Ethical and Social Obligations Ethics and a society are inseparable, due to the fact that ethical standards are the adhesive of a healthy society. Therefore there can never be a society without standards that define behavior and conduct. A just society can only exist in line with a set of values that represent the ethical and moral values of the people. A society on the other hand is governed by a group of leaders through the institution of government (Kizza, 2010). Therefore, it is obvious that it is the role of the government to ensure that the society is just and orderly. This is what is referred to as social obligations of the government. In essence the government is a tool of the society. It is established by the society to govern it and enforce laws that are deemed to represent the wishes, values and convictions of the people. The governments social obligations are nothing but the functions of ensuring that ethical and moral standards are adhered to accordingly. This involves the task of ensuring that the laws set represent the ethical and moral values of the people. Conversely, the government needs to go beyond the institutional role of enforcing laws to more welfare operations. This is line with the fact that the law in itself is inefficient as far as ensuring the enforcement of ethical and moral obligations is concerned. Decision Making A critical look at the origin of government points at the true essence of the institution. Several theories outline the origin of politics or government. Nevertheless, the contract of social theory is much relevance to the governments decision making role. Under the social contract theory, members of the society came together and surrendered their freedoms in exchange for order. In order to achieve this objective, the people established a government which was to govern the state on their behalf. Among the principal roles given of this institution was that of making decisions on behalf of the people (Cremer 2009). Therefore the governments most significant role is that of decision making. The role of making a decision is supposed to be in line with the interests and values of the society. This underscores the big role played by the government in ensuring a just society for all. Therefore in making a decision the government plays an important part in enforcing ethical and moral standards. Apart from enforcing the law which is perceived as the will of the people, the government has the authority to make decision that affect the functioning of the society. Therefore in making these decisions the government ought to put ethical and moral obligations in prime focus. In this role the aspect of public trust emanates. The government has been given the public trust which must be reflected in every decision it makes. Therefore public officials must make decisions that not only promote ethics and morality but also represent the same. In making decisions the government needs to be guided by two principal aspects. First and foremost is respect of the law. The law is the supreme guarantor of morality, ethics and justice. Therefore due importance should be granted to the law in the process of making decisions. Decisions that are contrary to the provisions of the law should be discouraged. The law should be the common denominator of all government decisions. This will protect the people from leaders with evil intentions. Another critical aspect of consideration is that of ethical consideration beyond the law. This should be interpreted in a positive manner to mean that the law should be upheld in high esteem but should not be the end of ethics. Certain aspects of morality and ethics are not entrenched in the law but should be upheld in decision making. This regards appointments and other aspects of governance. This calls for integrity on the part of state officials in the discharge of their duties. Need For Appropriate Actions Leadership is a delicate affair which involves a lot of aspects. Since leadership involves the tasks of vision, direction and governance a lot of care must be made to ensure that ethical and moral; standards do not take a back seat. The government is bestowed with a daunting task of ensuring order and justice in the society. This is to be achieved through the enforcement of laws that represent the ethical and moral values of the society. This is also done through the making of legal and ethical decisions. The government therefore plays a primary role in the whole concept of ethics and morality. Through its actions, decisions and operations the government has a lot of impact on the functioning of the society. There is need for appropriate actions on the part of the government so as not to undermine ethics and morality (Kiel Lennick, 2007). Since the success of a society depends on the manner in which ethical standards are adhered to, the government officials ought to be careful in th eir actions so as to promote a just and orderly society. It is against this background that governments need to put several measures in place so as to ensure that the aspect of ethics and morality plays an important role in its functions. This will result in a justly moral and ethical society which is what will make life better for the people. As far as the governments role in achieving justice and order in society is concerned, a number of considerations are necessary. Caution must be exercised in the process discharging the functions of the government. State officers ought to conduct their activities in manner that does not undermine ethical and moral values. To start with, it will be necessary to vet people before appointment to such positions. This will ensure that all those who get these positions are people of integrity. This will go a long way in ensuring that the role of the government in guaranteeing ethics and justice is not undermined by the quality of personnel in its ranks. Suggestions The ethical and moral role of the government is instrumental in ensuring justice and order in the society. Therefore it is upon the officials in the government to ensure that their actions and activities go in line which fostering harmony among the people. This will be achieved if all the laws are enforced in line with the peoples ethical and moral values as envisaged in the law. On top of these, the decision making arm of the government must be fully used to enhance ethical and moral values in the society. It will be against the purpose of ethics should state officials make illegal and unethical decisions. Apart from that state officials must be men and women of integrity so as not to compromise the values of the society. In order to succeed in this endeavor it will be appropriate for the government to classify its moral obligations into two. These are institutional duties and the social responsibilities. The former refers to the use of laws and structures of governance to enforce total adherence to moral and ethical values. This will call for the enactment of laws that represent the ethical and moral values of the people (Fisher 2003). Through the law, the government will ensure that there is justice and order in the society. Those who break the law should be liable for punishment. These will dissuade offenders and make society orderly and harmonious. Social responsibilities refer to those roles that affirm ethical values in the cultural set up. Through this arm, the government will set up and fund several organizations and commissions to cultivate tolerance, orderliness and ethics among the society. This will call for equity and equality so that all sections of the society feels taken care of. On to p of this is the decision making role f the government. The government should use its authority to make decisions in promoting justice, order and ethics. Conclusion The government is the chief custodian of morality and ethical values in the society. It is the role of the government to ensure that moral and ethical standards are maintained in the society so as to assure order and justice. The political system gives government the sole responsibility of ensuring stability, harmony and conformity in the society. It is along this line that the government plays an immense role in guaranteeing ethical and moral values. This role can be performed in many ways. Most commonly the enforcement focuses on the enactment of laws that represent the cultural and ethical values of the people. These laws are enforced so as to ensure conformity. Those who break the law are liable to punishment in accordance to the law. Through exercising the provisions of the law, the government achieves its objective of creating a just and orderly society. However, since ethics and morality are relative terms, not all aspects of ethics and morality can be entrenched into the law. This poses a challenge to the governments role of fulfilling ethical obligations. Therefore, it vital for the government to come up with other means of achieving justice and orderliness through ethics. Through its social obligations the government enforces ethical and moral standards in the society. This can be through its decision making arm and also through the establishment and funding of agencies and organizations that cultivate a culture of ethical values. The government also guarantees ethical values by granting freedom to the people to exercise their spiritual and religious convictions. Moral and ethical as pects have spiritual and cultural connotations, therefore through equality and freedom the government ensures justice in the society. The government plays a central role in ensuring ethics and morality in the society.

the second great awakening :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many took different steps in the fight for equality. Nat Turner, a religious leader among his fellow slaves, become convinced he had been chosen by God to lead his people to freedom. Leading a revolt, he and five other slaves killed their master and his family. Joined by about sixty other blacks, he led a general revolt. Within days, militiamen suppressed the revolt and Turner was ironically hung in Jerusalem, Virginia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many took different steps in the fight for equality. Nat Turner, a religious leader among his fellow slaves, become convinced he had been chosen by God to lead his people to freedom. Leading a revolt, he and five other slaves killed their master and his family. Joined by about sixty other blacks, he led a general revolt. Within days, militiamen suppressed the revolt and Turner was ironically hung in Jerusalem, Virginia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many took different steps in the fight for equality. Nat Turner, a religious leader am ong his fellow slaves, become convinced he had been chosen by God to lead his people to freedom. Leading a revolt, he and five other slaves killed their master and his family. Joined by about sixty other blacks, he led a general revolt. Within days, militiamen suppressed the revolt and Turner was ironically hung in Jerusalem, Virginia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many took different steps in the fight for equality. Nat Turner, a religious leader among his fellow slaves, become convinced he had been chosen by God to lead his people to freedom. Leading a revolt, he and five other slaves killed their master and his family. Joined by about sixty other blacks, he led a general revolt. Within days, militiamen suppressed the revolt and Turner was ironically hung in Jerusalem, Virginia.

The Repressive Governments Of Zamiatins We And Orwells 1984 :: essays research papers fc

The Repressive Governments of Zamiatin's We and Orwell's 1984 Outline: Thesis: Both Zamiatin's We and Orwell's 1984 have governments that repress actions and thoughts through the use of physical and psychological force. I. Intro. II. We's Government's Use of Psychological Force A. Number system B. Sexual Registration III. 1984's Governments Use of Psychological Force A. Newspeak B. Doublethink IV. Both Government's Use of Physical Force A. Torture of Winston B. Operation On Fancy V. Conclusion Throughout time, people have wondered what happens when government gains complete control not only over people's actions, but over the thoughts that precede them. Is it even possible to gain such omnipotence over human nature that human beings will renounce all individuality? If such a society could exist, would human nature truly be conquered, or just subdued sufficiently that the will of the few could be contorted into the will of the general population? The British author Eric Blair, better known by his pen name George Orwell, and the Russian born Eugene Zamiatin both attempt to address these questions in their respective books 1984 and We. These novels depict, ". . . mechanized societies whose citizens are deprived of freedom through physical and psychological conditioning." (Bloom 17) The amazing thing about these civilizations is that the majority of the citizenry, at least publicly, applauds the government's totalitarian actions. Both Zamiatin's We and Orwell's 1984 have governments that repress thought and action through the use of physical and physiological force. One of the most visible ways the government of the United State is able to control the thought and actions of its citizens is by the use and abuse of a system by which each member of society receives a number at birth instead of given a name (Goldstein 54). The numbers are assigned according to sex and occupation. For example, D-503, the main character in We, is male, and is thus assigned a consonant for his prefix while his female partner, O-90, is assigned a vowel. As D-503 is an engineer, he receives a 5 as his first number. All state poets such as O-90 have numbers under 100. (Zamiatin 46). This use of numbers instead of names creates a sense of unity and oneness of purpose in the contented, complacent Numbers of the United State. "The most striking thing about the Numbers' "names", is how easily they incorporate their assignment into their lives, and their contempt for the "old way" of naming." (Gregg 549) The Numbers' numbers are sewn onto their tunics called "unifs", front and back in large enough print that anyone, ". . .up to one hundred meters away can read your Number from any direction.

The Mordern Student Do Not Respect Teachers

As the education is playing more and more important role in social life, one controversial issue comes up that whether nowadays students do not respect teachers as much as in the past. Admittedly, we are emphasizing that everyone is equal and stressing the right to express our ideas different from others. However, can we say that nowadays students do not respect teachers as much as in the past? Perhaps not. Despite of different people hold various perspectives, I, given this chance, prefer to assert that nowadays students respect teachers as much as in the past.My point of view, involves the fundamental and deep discussions as follows. To begin with, one should emphasize that nowadays people’s concerns about the education are becoming more and more than in the past. It is undeniable that the teachers play the vital roles in the education and get more respect than in the past. To make it more compelling, let me use more details to demonstrate it. As we all know, to make ourselv es more outstanding in this competitive society, we should study hard to compete with others. In addition, the teachers guide us in our study life and then we must respect teachers to gain the knowledge.However, in the past people always adopted several children and they main concerned about how to solve problem about the supplication of food instead of the education. Due to the change of importance of the teachers in the society, students would respect less than nowadays. Obviously, nowadays students respect teachers more than in the past. In addition, another essential and compelling argument that always deserves people’s attention is that the nowadays teachers have more abundant knowledge and more wide perspectives, and then students become more adore teachers than before.Both common sense and our daily experience inform us that with the development of science and technology, teachers have more ways to gain the knowledge than what I can imagine, such as searching Internet, devoting themselves in to the specific research and so forth. What’s more, the nowadays teachers gain the higher degree than before, such as masters and professors instead of the undergraduate. Nevertheless, in the past teachers always gained knowledge from books. Hence nowadays teachers will be more profound than the teacher in the past and gain more respect from students.Admittedly, there are some students do not respect teachers. However the number just occupies the small rate of all students. Furthermore we should acknowledge that there must students do not respect teacher in the past either. To sum up, some people might still remain unconvinced, but the reasons I have analyzed would make them more aware of the dimensions of this issue. Hence at last, there will be no doubt that the nowadays students do more respect teachers than in the past.

Contrast the factors a qualitative Essay

There is no hard and fast rule when it comes to the size of the sample used in a study, and there are many aspects to take into consideration. Contrast the factors a qualitative and quantitative researcher must consider when determining the sample size. How does the sample size impact the study? â€Å"Quantitative researchers seek to select samples that will allow them to achieve statistical conclusion validity and to generalize their results† (Polit 2012, p. 273). And as our text reminds us there is no simple formula to tell you how large a sample is needed for a study. The general recommendation our text gives us is â€Å"the largest sample size possible. † The larger sample size that is used increases the validity of the research. So in turn the smaller the sample size for either study increases the sampling error. The researcher should comparing characteristics of the study in relation to the variable, dependent and independent. The size for most studies â€Å"depends on the magnitude of the expected effect size, which is usually quantified by a relative risk, odds ratio, absolute risk difference, hazard ratio, or difference between two means or medians. The smaller the true-effect size, the larger the study needs to be (Hackshaw, 2008, p. 1141). References Hackshaw, A. (2008, November 1, 2008). Small studies: strengths and limitations. European Respiratory Journal, 32(5), 1141-1145. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1183/09031936. 00136408 This discussion will revolve around the topic of control. In quantitative studies, control is an important issue. What does control mean in research? Why is it important? What do you think is meant by controlling intrinsic and extrinsic variables? Give examples of effective ways to control variables in quantitative research. In qualitative research In research control is a variable in a study that usually remains constant. This variable is what the study results are compared to. This control is what helps the researcher to know if the study was performed correctly or appropriately. When we think about controlling intrinsic and extrinsic variables first we must know what these things are. By definition extrinsic means (Dictionary. com, 2013): being outside a thing; outward or external; operating or coming from without. Intrinsic means: belonging to a thing by its very nature.

Financial Planner Essay

Among the many career fields to choose from, I’d like to pursue one in the financial planning industry. A financial planner’s job is diverse and could be in areas like management of cash flow, investment and retirement planning, tax and estate planning, insurance and risk management planning, among others. There are also job opportunities outside personal planning that provides more financial rewards. I believe this job to be interesting, challenging and beneficial to people. This isn’t like other jobs wherein you’re only there to perform a task — sometimes without knowing the end result or the product of your efforts. As a financial planner, a person is able to help other people in more significantly, even in a life-changing manner. It’s a fact that many people have great ideas and good intentions regarding their finances, but few have the willpower and the right know-how to execute their plans. That’s where I see myself helping. I’d like to see people to be more financially stable and create for themselves a nest egg for their future. People should be aware of financial planning at an early age. The earlier a person starts setting aside part of his income for a financial plan, the more secure is his future going to be. Another reason why I’d like to have a career in this field is because I get stimulated when dealing with numbers. Crafting plans after studying pages of figures and mathematical formulas is something that does not daunt me. According to journals and news articles that have been published regarding the financial planning field, the demand for financial planners are rising globally as more and more people are becoming aware of the importance of having tailored financial plans for themselves. Over the years, financial planners have gradually, but consistently, created a niche for themselves in the market. There are several factors that have contributed to the upswing of demand for financial planners. In the earlier years, people were happy with social security benefits and old age Planner 2 pensions provided by the government. But years later, people’s outlook has shifted and the idea of being more comfortable and secure in old age have dominated the minds not just of those who are near retirement but even those who are still relatively young. Awareness among young professionals is seen to continue within the next decade, making it reasonably safe to assume that demand for financial programs and financial planners will continue. Another reason why the financial planning business has risen is caused by uncertainties in the stock markets. People are now opting to seek professional advice, before investing in a particular bond or stock. There is also a growing demand for financial planners outside the personal planning arena. Financial planners have found themselves becoming more and more necessary in banks and other financial institutions. Their expertise is needed in determining risks involved in investment vehicles. The pay scale and benefits that a certified financial planner receives differ from company to company, experience, and type of certification. A person who holds a position in higher management, like a vice president or portfolio manager, will earn a six-digit figure. Likewise, a person who’s been a financial planner for more than twenty years will also receive a six-digit salary. Entry-level compensation is often in the range of $30,000 to $40,000. The banking industry and other financial institutions’ salaries are often higher compared to other industries. For instance, a job posting for a financial advisor in Connecticut offers an annual income of $50,000 to $80,000. Another example is an ad for looking for financial planning director, which offers at least $150,000 annual income. But what’s more attractive about being a financial planner is the opportunity to earn more than your basic salary. Commissions and incentives are given for every transaction. A person’s overall income is often measured by how well he networks and sells financial products.

International Accounting Standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 1

International Accounting Standards - Essay Example When comparing its financial position and results of operations for the last year or years, competitors located in the same country like the United Kingdom can be easily compared and contrasted. A little difficulty arises when the financial statements of competing companies are compared and one company is located in the United Kingdom and the other stiff competitors are located in other countries like the United States, Japan, Canada, Brazil, China, India etc. They say that accounting is the language of business. Just as misinterpretation could be eliminated if people from Germany and Spain understand each other, misunderstandings and variances in the interpretation of the balance sheet and income statement are due to the different financial statement standards and methods of reporting which includes costing, billing and cost distributions. One major problem is that each country has researched and approved own generally accepted accounting principles individually. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) are the widely accepted set of rules, conventions, standards, and procedures that are used for reporting financial information which are researched and established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board of each country. (Sanella, 1991) One example of a generally accepted accounting principle is the United Kingdom's generally accepted accounting principle as to when to record a transaction as cash or receivable or another accounting data.Another problem is that the individual financial data ( Belkaoui, 1999) reported in the financial statements are cash inflows and cash outflows that are inherent and unique to each country. For example, average daily salary paid for the factory worker in competing companies will have a big disparity because salaries of production personnel in third world countries like India are estimated to be ten times lower than the average daily wage of a production worker in the Great Britain or Germany.Another problem is that the modes of transporting the goods in India or Brazil is not as advanced or fast as the mode of transportation in the United Kingdom or the United States.As of this time, there is no one size fit all when it comes to global accounting standards. In relation to this topi c, The European Union which is a conglomeration of individual independent states in Europe, including the United Kingdom, has come up with the European Court of Justice that gives decisions on cases within the European Union community even though each country has its own courts of law.The Tax consultants, accountants and financial statement analysts are at odds when comparing electricity, salary, rent, asset amortization and depreciation, assignment of values to assets between countries. We know that the standard of living in London is very much higher than the standard of living in China.Each accountant, financial stateme

Rank the Duties of the Athletic Director Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rank the Duties of the Athletic Director - Essay Example Dorame explained that his position as Athletic Director demanded great dedication and hard work to help the sports administration to run on well – oiled wheels. Some of the chief responsibilities discussed were evaluating and hiring both head and assistant coaches, guiding and mentoring them, seeing that all game schedules were carried out smoothly and in case of rescheduling, he had to see that all concerned were informed and a suitable date fixed for that particular match. He also had the responsibility to see that regular practices for the various games were scheduled to train the players. Mr. Dorame said that he was also responsible for the collection of user fees and for convening important meetings with the coaches, players and their parents, so that they would become familiar not only with one another but also familiar with the rules and regulations of the sport. When questioned on the traits of good and poor managers, Mr. Dorame explained that good managers are not only very responsible and dedicated, but also work hard beyond the call of duty and besides carry out their duties in a very efficient manner. On the other hand, poor managers are slack in their duties and do not behave in an efficient and responsible way. When asked about the greatest challenge faced by an Athletic Director, Mr. Dorame said that staying on top by proving ones skill and efficiency and achieving goals and coming out successful after an event would be the greatest challenge and success for an Athletic Director. When asked about his views on the most important duties of Athletic Directors, Mr. Dorame explains that this position warrants hard work and dedication in addition to good health if an individual wants to be successful. The job of an Athletic Director is full time and highly stressful and in order to be good at it, one has to know how to handle stress. Some of the most important duties he discussed were

Economic implications of the EU's single currency on German economy Literature review

Economic implications of the EU's single currency on German economy - Literature review Example In response to globalization, the initiative of the European Commission back in 1969 was put in place to coordinate the economic policies as well as to set a monetary integration among the European Union. On the 1st of January 1999, the ‘Euro’ (â‚ ¬) was launched in the world money markets. Since then, Euro has become the unit of exchange for the EU states except for the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Denmark (Central Intelligence Agency, 2011). The decision behind the European Union is to make the inter-regional and inter-state trading much easier (European Commission. The EU Single Market, 2011). Back in 2007, the goal European Commission has proven to be very successful. Implementing the ‘Euro’ (â‚ ¬) currency in 1999 was part of the strategy used by the European Union to achieve their purpose of making the inter-regional and inter-state trading much easier. Located in Frankfurt in Germany, the European Central Bank was made responsible for the impleme ntation of monetary policies and exchange rate policies throughout the European monetary union (Carbaugh, 2009, p. 280). Likewise, it is the European Central Bank that controls the supply of euros aside from setting its short-term euro interest rate or maintaining a fixed exchange rate for all members of the European Union (ibid). ... To give the readers a better understanding concerning the research topic, this report will first provide a brief overview concerning the economic condition of Germany before and after the country was required to use a single EU currency. As part of conducting a literature review with regards to the potential economic impact of centralizing the currency, this report will focus on discussing the advantages and disadvantages of using the Euro (â‚ ¬) currency in the economic performance of Germany. Finally, the economic consequences associated with using fixed exchange rate policy will be tackled based on the historical experiences of other countries. Brief Overview on German Economy Before and After the Use of EU (â‚ ¬) Currency Back in the 1950s, the economic situation in Germany was highly dependent on the exportation of agricultural and industrial products. In 1988, West Germany and East Germany were exporting a total of US$323 billion and US$30.7 billion worth of different agr icultural, mining, and industrial products respectively (Boyes, 2007). Since there was a high demand for food and non-food products manufactured in Germany, East Germany was able to maintain zero unemployment rate for quite some time (ibid). Despite the fact that the inter-regional and inter-state trading was made easier among the European Union (European Commission – The EU Single Market, 2011), Germany started to go through a series of economic problems. After the single currency was implemented in Germany, the country started to experience economic stagnation in the 2000s combined with a constantly increasing high unemployment rate (Merkel, 2009; Boyes, 2007). Since there were a lot of