Lieutenant General John Burgoyne in the American Revolution

Lieutenant General John Burgoyne in the American Revolution General John Burgoyne was a noted 18th century British Army officer who is best remembered for his defeat at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777. First seeing service during the War of the Austrian Succession, he later earned fame as a cavalry officer and leader during the Seven Years War. In this period, he formed his own cavalry unit and commanded troops in Portugal. With the beginning of the American Revolution in 1775, Burgoyne was one of several officers dispatched to Boston. Seeing little opportunity in the post, Burgoyne departed and returned to North America the following year with reinforcements for Canada. While there, he conceived of the idea for what would become the Saratoga Campaign. Given permission to move forward in 1777, his army was ultimately blocked, defeated, and captured by American forces. Paroled, Burgoyne returned to Britain in disgrace. General John Burgoyne Rank: GeneralService: British ArmyNickname(s): Gentleman JohnnyBorn: February 24, 1722 in Sutton, EnglandDied: August 4, 1792 in London, EnglandParents: Captain John Burgoyne and Anna Maria BurgoyneSpouse: Charlotte StanleyChildren: Charlotte Elizabeth BurgoyneConflicts: Seven Years War, American RevolutionKnown For: Battle of Saratoga (1777) Early Life Born February 24, 1722 at Sutton, England, John Burgoyne was the son of Captain John Burgoyne and his wife Anna. There is some thought that the young Burgoyne may have been the illegitimate son of Lord Bingley. Burgoynes godfather, Bingley specified in his will that the young man should receive his estate if his daughters failed to produce any male heirs. Beginning in 1733, Burgoyne began attending the Westminster School in London. While there, he befriended Thomas Gage and James Smith-Stanley, Lord Strange. In August 1737, Burgoyne entered the British Army by purchasing a commission in the Horse Guards. Early Career Based in London, Burgoyne became known for his fashionable uniforms and earned the nickname Gentleman Johnny. A known gambler, Burgoyne sold his commission in 1741. Four years later, with Britain involved in the War of the Austrian Succession, Burgoyne returned to the army by obtaining cornets commission in the 1st Royal Dragoons. As the commission was newly created, he was not required to pay for it. Promoted to lieutenant later that year, he took part in the Battle of Fontenoy that May and made repeated charges with his regiment. In 1747, Burgoyne pulled together sufficient funds to purchase a captaincy. Elopement With the wars end in 1748, Burgoyne began courting Stranges sister, Charlotte Stanley. After his proposal of marriage was blocked by Charlottes father, Lord Derby, the couple elected to elope in April 1751. This action infuriated Derby who was a prominent politician and he cut off his daughters financial support. Lacking active service, Burgoyne sold his commission for  £2,600 and the couple began traveling around Europe. Spending extensive time in France and Italy, he became friends with the Duc de Choiseul who would later oversee French policy during the Seven Years War. Additionally, while in Rome, Burgoyne has his portrait painted by famed Scottish artist Allan Ramsay.   Following the birth of their only child, Charlotte Elizabeth, the couple elected to return to Britain. Arriving in 1755, Strange interceded on their behalf and the couple reconciled with Lord Derby. Using his influence, Derby aided Burgoyne in obtaining a captaincy in the 11th Dragoons in June 1756. Two years later he moved to the Coldstream Guards and ultimately achieved the rank of lieutenant colonel. With the Seven Years War raging, Burgoyne took part in the June 1758 raid on St. Malo. Landing in France, his men remained for several days while British forces burned French shipping. 16th Dragoons Later that year, Burgoyne went ashore during Captain Richard Howes raid on Cherbourg. This saw British forces land and successfully storm the town. A proponent of light cavalry, Burgoyne was appointed to command the 16th Dragoons, one of two new light regiments, in 1759. Rather than delegate recruiting duties, he directly oversaw the construction of his unit and personally courted the landed gentry in Northamptonshire to become officers or encourage others to enlist. To entice potential recruits, Burgoyne advertised that his men would have the finest horses, uniforms, and equipment. A popular commander, Burgoyne encouraged his officers to mix with their troops and desired his enlisted men to be free thinking in battle. This approach was enshrined in a revolutionary code of conduct he wrote for the regiment. Additionally, Burgoyne encouraged his officers to take time each day to read and encouraged them to learn French as the best military texts were in that language. Portugal In 1761, Burgoyne was elected to Parliament representing Midhurst. A year later, he was dispatched to Portugal with the rank of brigadier general. Following the loss of Almeida to the Spanish, Burgoyne boosted Allied moral and earned fame for his capture of Valencia de Alcntara. That October, he again triumphed when he defeated the Spanish at the Battle of Vila Velha. In the course of the fighting, Burgoyne directed Lieutenant Colonel Charles Lee to attack a Spanish artillery position which was successfully captured. In recognition of his service, Burgoyne received a diamond ring from the King of Portugal and later had his portrait painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds. With the end of the war, Burgoyne returned to Britain and in 1768 was again elected to Parliament. An effective politician, he was named the governor of Fort William, Scotland in 1769. Outspoken in Parliament, he became concerned about Indian affairs and regularly attacked Robert Clive as well as corruption in the East India Company. His efforts ultimately led to the passage of the Regulating Act of 1773 which worked to reform the companys management. Promoted to major general, Burgoyne wrote plays and verse in his spare time. In 1774, his play The Maid of the Oaks was staged at the Drury Lane Theater. American Revolution With the beginning of the American Revolution in April 1775, Burgoyne was dispatched to Boston along with Major Generals William Howe and Henry Clinton. Though he did not take part in the Battle of Bunker Hill, he was present at the Siege of Boston. Feeling the assignment lacked opportunity, he elected to return home in November 1775. The following spring, Burgoyne led the British reinforcements which arrived in Quebec. Serving under Governor Sir Guy Carleton, Burgoyne aided in driving American forces from Canada. Critical of Carletons cautiousness after the Battle of Valcour Island, Burgoyne sailed for Britain. Arriving, he began lobbying Lord George Germain, Secretary of State for the Colonies, to approve his campaign plans for 1777. These called for a large British army to advance south from Lake Champlain to capture Albany. This would be supported by a smaller force approaching from the west via the Mohawk Valley. The final element would see Howe advance north up the Hudson River from New York. Planning for 1777 The cumulative effect of the campaign would be to sever New England from the rest of the American Colonies. This plan was approved by Germain in early 1777 despite word from Howe that he intended to march against Philadelphia that year. Confusion exists as to when Germain informed Burgoyne that participation by British forces in New York City would be limited at best. As Clinton had been defeated at Charleston, SC in June 1776, Burgoyne was able to secure command of the northern invasion force. Arriving in Canada on May 6, 1777, he assembled an army of over 7,000 men. The Saratoga Campaign Initially delayed by transport issues, Burgoynes army did not begin moving up Lake Champlain until late June. As his forces advanced on the lake, Colonel Barry St. Legers command moved west to execute the thrust through the Mohawk Valley. Believing the campaign would be simple, Burgoyne was soon dismayed when few Native Americans and Loyalists joined his forces. Arriving at Fort Ticonderoga in early July, he quickly compelled Major General Arthur St. Clair to abandon the post. Sending troops in pursuit of the Americans, they defeated part of St. Clairs forces at Hubbardton on July 7. Regrouping, Burgoyne pushed south towards Forts Anne and Edward. His advance was slowed by American forces which felled trees and burned bridges along the route. In mid-July, Burgoyne received word from Howe that he intended to sail for Philadelphia and would not be coming north. This bad news was compounded by a rapidly worsening supply situation as the army lacked sufficient transport that could traverse the regions rough roads. In mid-August, Burgoyne dispatched a force of Hessians on a foraging mission. Meeting American troops, they were badly defeated at Bennington on August 16. The defeat bolstered American morale and caused many of Burgoynes Native Americans to leave. The British situation further deteriorated when St. Leger was defeated at Fort Stanwix and forced to retreat. Surrender of Burgoyne by John Trumbull. Photograph Courtesy of the Architect of the Capitol Defeat at Saratoga Learning of St. Legers defeat on August 28, Burgoyne elected to cut his supply lines and quickly drive on Albany with the goal of making winter quarters there. On September 13, his army began crossing the Hudson just north of Saratoga. Pushing south, it soon encountered American forces led by Major General Horatio Gates which had entrenched on Bemis Heights. On September 19, American forces led by Major General Benedict Arnold and Colonel Daniel Morgan defeated Burgoynes men at Freemans Farm. With their supply situation critical, many of the British commanders recommended a retreat. Unwilling to fall back, Burgoyne again attacked on October 7. Defeated at Bemis Heights, the British withdrew to their camp. In the wake of the action, American forces surrounded Burgoynes position. Unable to break out, he surrendered on October 17. Later Career Paroled, Burgoyne returned to Britain in disgrace. Attacked by the government for his failures, he attempted to reverse the accusations by blaming Germain for failing to order Howe to support his campaign. Unable to obtain a court martial to clear his name, Burgoyne changed political allegiances from the Tories to the Whigs. With the Whig ascent to power in 1782, he returned to favor and served as commander in chief in Ireland and a privy councillor. Leaving government a year later, he effectively retired and focused on literary pursuits. Burgoyne died suddenly at his Mayfair home on June 3, 1792. He was buried at Westminster Abbey.

Anglicism and Pseudo Anglicism in Germany

Anglicism and Pseudo Anglicism in Germany Anglicism, Pseudo-Anglicism, and Denglisch-lass Deutsch talken, dude! Just like in many other parts of the world, the Anglo-American impact on culture and daily life can also be witnessed in Germany. Movies, games, and music are mostly of American origin, but not only  are entertainment and media influenced by it but also the language. In Germany, this influence becomes obvious in many cases. Scientists of the University of Bamberg have found out that the use of Anglicisms in Germany has increased more and more over the last twenty years; talking about substantives, it has even doubled. Of course, this is not only the fault of Coca-Cola or The Warner Brothers but also an effect of the dominance of the English language as a way to communicate with the whole world. That is why many English words have made it into everyday use in Germany and within the German language. They are not all the same; some are just lent,  and others are completely made up. Its  time to take a closer look at Anglicism, pseudo-Anglicism, and Denglisch.   Lets first face the difference between Anglicisms and Denglisch. The  first one means just those words which were adopted from the English language, most of them meaning things, phenomena, or anything else without a German expression for it - or at least with no expression that is really used. Sometimes, this can be useful,  but sometimes, it is just excessive. For example, there are plenty of German words, but people just want to sound interesting by using English ones instead. That would be called Denglisch. Digital world Examples for Anglicisms in German can easily be found in the world of computers and electronics. Whereas in the 1980s, mostly German words were commonly  used to describe digital issues, today, most people use English equivalents. An example is the word Platine, meaning (circuit) board. Another one is the rather silly sounding expression Klammeraffe, a German word for the at  sign. Besides the digital world, you could also mention Rollbrett for skateboard. By the way, nationalists or even national socialists in Germany often refuse to use English words, even if they are really common. Instead, they use German equivalents nobody would ever use like Weltnetz instead of Internet or even Weltnetz-Seite (Website). Not only  does the digital world brings many new anglicisms to Germany, but also, business-related topics are more and more likely to be described in English than in German. Because of globalization, many companies think it makes them sound more international if they use E nglish expressions instead of German ones. It is rather common in many companies today to call the Boss  the CEO - an expression that was widely unknown twenty years ago. Many use titles like that for the whole staff. By the way, staff is also an example of an English word replacing a traditional German one - Belegschaft. English assimilation While substantives are rather easy to integrate into the German language, it gets a bit more difficult and also confusing when it comes to verbs. With the German language having rather complex grammar compared to English, it becomes necessary to conjugate them in everyday use. Thats where it becomes weird. Ich habe gechillt (I chilled) is just an everyday example of an Anglicism being used just like a German verb. Especially among young people, speech  patterns like this can often be heard. The language of the youth leads us to another similar phenomenon: translating English words or phrases word by word into German, making a calque. Many German words have English origins nobody would notice at first sight. Wolkenkratzer is just the German equivalent of skyscraper (though meaning cloud-scraper). Not only single words but also whole phrases have been translated and adopted, and they sometimes even replace the correct expression that also exists in German. Saying Das macht Sinn, mean ing That makes sense, is common, but it  just doesnt make sense at all. The right expression would be Das hat Sinn or Das ergibt Sinn. Nevertheless, the first one is silently replacing the others. However, sometimes, this phenomenon is even by intention. The verb gesichtspalmieren, mainly used by young Germans, doesnt really make sense to those who dont know the meaning of face palm - it is just a word-for-word translation into German. However, as a native  English speaker, the  German  language gets confusing when it comes to pseudo-anglicisms. Many  of  them  are  in use, and they all have one thing in common: They sound English, but they were made up by Germans, mostly because somebody wanted something to sound more international. Good examples are Handy, meaning cell phone, a beamer, meaning video projector, and Oldtimer, meaning classic car. Sometimes, this can also lead to embarrassing misunderstandings, for example, if some German tells you he or she is working as a Streetworker, meaning he  or  she is dealing with homeless  people or drug  addicts and doesnt know that it originally described a street prostitute. Sometimes, it can be useful to loan words from other languages, and  sometimes it just sounds silly. German is a beautiful language that can describe almost everything precisely and doesnt need to be replaced by another one - what do you think? Are anglicisms enriching  or unnecessary?

Lewis Carroll's Photographs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Lewis Carroll's Photographs - Research Paper Example Carroll embraced this theme of the child as a shadow of humans in his photographs in order to call attention to how misconceived children were by adults, particularly using the real children that hr met in his life. Lewis Carroll sought to show children as adult shadows, the children’s identity as being shadowed by the adults, as well as the shadows that the children cast (Foulkes 11). Therefore, this paper will seek to show how Lewis Carroll used children in his photographs to show their innocence and the misconceptions that adults have about children. Xie Kitchin (Nickel 5) Lewis Carroll in his photographs exemplified how misconceived children were by undressing them or dressing them through a creation of what he perceived to be his own shadow of being a child (Foulkes 14). Recognized as a leading amateur and child photographer during the Victorian era, Lewis used the photographs he took to displace reality. Because photography in this period was a relatively new phenomenon, Lewis Carroll took it as a means of writing by using light with his most preferred photographic subject being the child as shown in the photographs above. At least sixty percent of all his known photographs were of children. At the time, photography was taken as the only art form that could accurately record reality, which Lewis Carroll took and created a reverse text for the discussion of children, which falsified how real a photograph could be (Foulkes 14). In various photographs, rather than giving the audience his own view of who a child should be, he comes up with the composition an adult would have of a child. The photo of Xie Kitchin has the child dressed in clothing that is foreign to that era and region, while also setting the photograph in a foreign land. In the other photograph of Evelyn Hatch, Lewis Carroll removes all social conventions from her photograph and takes a photo of her in the nude lying on a bed. In yet another photograph, he pictures Alice Liddell in a loo se fitting dress seemingly begging for alms. Lewis exerts an agency on the photography act by rewriting the literal text that the initial image would have created to give rise to a new dialogue about what it means to be a child (Foulkes 15). Therefore, Lewis took photography as a way to write commentary on childhood and the way it was shadowed by adults. While it can be argued that Lewis Carroll used children as objects, this was necessary, especially since the child has for a long time been the centre of study by theorists and scholars as they looked for a definition of the child that was consistent (Foulkes 18). While it is difficult to offer a definitive explanation of what a child is, Lewis sought to provide a lens through which it is possible to distinguish the child in this era as an entity that was completely separate from grown ups. Lewis Carroll used his photography to define the child’s character via shadows that were cast by the children, rather than as shadows of the adults, i.e. what adults thought children were supposed to be. Alice Liddell (Nickel 7) In the photo of Alice Liddell, the viewer sees a young girl who is approximately 7 or 8 years old. Lewis ensures that her entire body can be seen with her tattered and ill-fitting clothes appearing to suggest that she is a beggar (Foulkes 22). However, while

The concept of a contract Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The concept of a contract - Case Study Example However, it was later viewed that lack of proper operational performance and improper management of DB, resulted in the failure of the overall project (USA Gov, 2013). Critically observing, it can be identified that DB had intentionally overlooked its implied obligation to maintain transparency and systematic order in its service delivery process. Tactfully, DB withdrew from performing any written contractual promises, which was overlooked by the other two parties involved in the contract. Certainly the absence of firm verbal intimation regarding the offer and acceptance of the contract along with specific proclamations of clauses to be adhered by the parties involved had been a major setback for the sufferer, i.e. SCT (USA Gov, 2013). However, given the legal guidelines of having a viable contract SCT can take legal directions even with the non-availability of any written proof to the contract. Considering, the fact that DB had delivered the services demanded through the contract by SCT, it can be affirmed that a contractual relationship existed between DB and SCT. 2. Ethics in legal decision making plays a vital role, as it helps in taking legal decisions, which are accepted within the societal context. Legal terms between the two parties owing to contractual agreement inculcate ethical considerations for effective completion of the contract. In a contractual agreement, ‘Breach of Confidence’ plays a vital role in assuring both the parties to undertake ethical measures within this particular contractual relationship. Critically, observing, it can be ascertained from the case study that two of the contractors of DB have violated the legal implications of ‘Breach of Confidence’. Considering the case scenario, it can be observed that two external contractors of DB have leaked some vital information relating to a contract of their company with a Taiwanese’s firm. The case further states that the two external contractors conveyed t he client i.e. SCT about the DB’s failure in meeting the requirements of the Taiwanese’s firm, which leads to a greater monetary loss of the parent company. However, owing to the aforesaid scenario, it can be comprehended that ethical and legal implications can be implemented complying with the disloyalty of the two external contractors. In this regard DB can firstly terminate the contract with both the contractor under the ‘Breach of Privacy Law’. Concerning with the abovementioned act, it implies about the authority of an organization to create its own privacy rule while making sure that minimum standards are applicable to protect the private information of the company (Andrews, 2011). Secondly the company can take legal action that would restrict the two contractors from conducting such illegal activity. Additionally, the company could also ask the legal advisor to undergo a detailed investigation about the whole scenario and make decisions accordingly. However, the company can ask the legal body to charge monetary fines pertaining to the breach of confidentiality as a legal implication. Considering the aforesaid scenario it can be apprehended that ethical consideration the company could have provided them their salary which would have restricted them from taking such illegal steps (Australian Government, 2012). 3. Critically, examining the case scenario, it can be comprehended that DB has violated numerous rules and regulations associated with the contractual agree

Escape from reality Essay Example for Free

Escape from reality Essay Why do the Poor Relation and Walter Mitty choose to escape from reality in the way they do? How successful are they? Michael, in the Poor Relations story, escapes from his reality and lives in life where he has no regrets and where everything has happened the way he wanted it to. Walter Mitty on the other hand escapes into a reality where he is not a shy, incompetent man, but a hero in many aspects of life. In this world of his he is respected and brave. Michael seems to be an escapist because it is a better life and he can forget about his poverty; Walter does it to seem a better man in his own eyes and to get away from his bossy, inconsiderate wife. Michael lives in the 19th century where poverty is rife in England and does not have a job, L. 38 on pretence of going to business, L. 44 I get through the day. We learn he is unbusiness-like. We can see how he is poor as he names prices showing he worries over having too little money, For example on L. 45 of one and threepence. On the other hand Walter Mitty lives in the 1940s where he has a home and car and does not feel poverty and does not starve. He has a home and wife and a puppy. Buying things is not such a problem, L. 91 weekly trips to town. He seems to live the life of the post-war USA The American Dream of prosperity and ownership. This shows us that men of their type can exist regardless of time and place. Michael does not have many friends, and this is mentioned many times, L. 56 I am avoided, l 60 I am not an attractive companion. He tells us that he is odd and failed to find a place and was superfluous in L. 106 and 107. He has one friend in the world, Little Frank, his nephew who is still a child. They are very similar in the way that they are forgotten in a crowd, L. 64. In L. 76 it shows that Frank will probably grow up in the same way Michael has and have a peculiar position in the family. With Walter Mitty the author never mentions that he does not have any friends but he seems to be very shy when talking to other people. For example when he is talking to the parking lot attendant he uses monosyllabic words showing that he does not talk to people regularly and seems ill at ease when forced to communicate. Michael was very un-business like and trustworthy in his early youth and made many mistakes; for this reason he is living in a life of pretence where he has not made the mistakes and everything has worked out for the best. Mitty does not tell us much about his past although we can see that his wife is very domineering over him and does not let him do anything for himself. For example when he is trying to remember what she has told him to buy on L. 90 it says she had told him twice, and then later in L. 160 she asks him Did you get the puppy biscuits? We gain an impression that she is continually checking up on him, allowing him no chance to act independently. Michael seems more aware that he does live in a different life as he can describe his regular routine to his family. Mitty seems to be slipping into daydreams all the time, but they are never the same and he just feels that he is thinking, line 161. His daydreams provide variety, whereas Michaels provide the stability of routine. Michael would probably not want to change his life, as he seems quite content. It would be very hard for him to change his life now, as he says in his letter to Little Frank in line 108 I failed to find my place in this great assembly. He has not found his goal in life and he says I am better off out of it, L. 109. It would be very hard for Michael to change as he lives in poverty in a nineteenth century where progress is slow to come. In the last paragraph of the story a member of the family asks him about the castle in a grave, kind voice. This shows that the family is listening to him and maybe what he said actually touched them and they will be kinder to him in the future. Perhaps it is too late to change towards him, but his sacrifice will be rewarded in the future. Walter Mitty has other options in twentieth century USA, and perhaps with his final words to his wife, Does it ever occur to you that I am sometimes thinking L. 162, he might be changing to a new future. Michael describes four dreams he has. The first two were with Christiana and John Spatter showing how they struck by him and did not abandon him. With Christiana it is very romantic and she devotes herself to him in L. 218 My dear Michael, I have given you my heart and I have pledged to be your wife. With John he says Now, my good friend, let there, under these friendly circumstances, be a right understanding between us. In these two dreams he amends the pasts so he can go on living in his head without the feeling of regret. The other two daydreams are about his life and his average daydreams about his grandchildren and going to the theatre. These are not described in detail and are only to give a brief outline of his thoughts and the way he has coped in his years of poverty. His dreams are pieces of misty idealism, romantic worlds. Walter Mittys daydreams are very detailed and are often triggered by something. For example his second dream was triggered when his wife tells him to go and see Dr Renshaw. From this he starts to dream where Dr Renshaw is a world class surgeon in L. 66 Renshaw said nervously If you would take over Mitty and Mitty saves the day in lines 39 69. Mitty has many dreams throughout the day, all about different things but all in which he is a key character and the hero. During the story he has five dreams where he is a Commander of a Navy hydroplane, a world class surgeon, a firearms expert, a Captain and a brave prisoner about to be shot. He uses the correct jargon even if he does not know what the real words are he makes up ones that are similar and they fit in well. He uses his own idiolect in his daydreams such as sounds like pocketa, which is in a lot of the dreams. He has very detailed thinking and thinks like a novelist in the way he imagines things. He is an omniscient narrator in the way he knows everything, e. g. in the first daydream he knows what the crew says. He seems to get his knowledge from films and maybe from books. The main genre is crime and action. Michaels dreams seem to be although less detailed, more realistic as we can imagine this happening, him sitting down watching his grandchildren playing. Compared with Mitty who is a hero in nearly every aspect of his life this makes it less realistic, as we cant imagine him being all these different people. Mittys dreams are more vivid as they are much more detailed with all the jargon and argot that he uses, and we see them almost as excerpts from popular action films.

Defibrillator :: essays research papers

General Questions What does AED stand for? AED stands for automated external defibrillator (or automated external defibrillation). What's an AED?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An AED is a device used to administer an electric shock through the chest wall to the heart. Built-in computers assess the patient's heart rhythm, judge whether defibrillation is needed, and then administer the shock. Audible and/or visual prompts guide the user through the process. How does an AED work?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A microprocessor inside the defibrillator interprets (analyzes) the victim's heart rhythm through adhesive electrodes (some AED models require you to press an ANALYZE button). The computer analyzes the heart rhythm and advises the operator whether a shock is needed. AEDs advise a shock only to ventricular fibrillation and fast ventricular tachycardia. The electric current is delivered through the victim's chest wall through adhesive electrode pads. Why are AEDs important?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AEDs are important because they strengthen the Chain of Survival. They can restore a normal heart rhythm in victims of sudden cardiac arrest. New, portable AEDs enable more people to respond to a medical emergency that requires defibrillation. When a person suffers a sudden cardiac arrest, their chance of survival decreases by 7% to 10% for each minute that passes without defibrillation. AEDs save lives! Who can use an AED?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most AEDs are designed to be used by nonmedical personnel such as police, firefighters, flight attendants, security guards, and other lay rescuers who have been properly trained. Having more people in the community who can respond to a medical emergency by providing defibrillation will greatly increase sudden cardiac arrest survival rates. Why does someone having a heart attack need an AED?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When a heart attack becomes a full cardiac arrest, the heart most often goes into uncoordinated electrical activity called fibrillation. The heart twitches ineffectively and can't pump blood. The AED delivers electric current to the heart muscle, momentarily stunning the heart, stopping all activity. This gives the heart an opportunity to resume beating effectively. Will an AED always resuscitate someone in cardiac arrest?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The AED treats only a heart in ventricular fibrillation (VF), an irregular heart rhythm. In cardiac arrest without VF, the heart doesn't respond to electric currents but needs medications. The victim needs breathing support. AEDs are less successful when the victim has been in cardiac arrest for more than a few minutes, especially if no CPR was provided. AED Use Is an AED safe to use? An AED is safe to use by anyone who's been trained to operate it.

Prelude to Foundation Author’s Note

When I wrote â€Å"Foundation,† which appeared in the May 1942 issue of Astounding Science Fiction, I had no idea that I had begun a series of stories that would eventually grow into six volumes and a total of 650,000 words (so far). Nor did I have any idea that it would be unified with my series of short stories and novels involving robots and my novels involving the Galactic Empire for a grand total (so far) of fourteen volumes and a total of about 1,450,000 words. You will see, if you study the publication dates of these books, that there was a twenty-five-year hiatus between 1957 and 1982, during which I did not add to this series. This was not because I had stopped writing. Indeed, I wrote full-speed throughout the quarter century, but I wrote other things. That I returned to the series in 1982 was not my own notion but was the result of a combination of pressures from readers and publishers that eventually became overwhelming. In any case, the situation has become sufficiently complicated for me to feel that the readers might welcome a kind of guide to the series, since they were not written in the order in which (perhaps) they should be read. The fourteen books, all published by Doubleday, offer a kind of history of the future, which is, perhaps, not completely consistent, since I did not plan consistency to begin with. The chronological order of the books, in terms of future history (and not of publication date), is as follows: The Complete Robot (1982). This is a collection of thirty-one robot short stories published between 1940 and 1976 and includes every story in my earlier collection I Robot (1950). Only one robot short story has been written since this collection appeared. That is â€Å"Robot Dreams,† which has not yet appeared in any Doubleday collection. The Caves of Steel (1954). This is the first of my robot novels. The Naked Sun (1957). The second robot novel. The Robots of Dawn (1983). The third robot novel. Robots and Empire (1985). The fourth robot novel. The Currents of Space (1952). This is the first of my Empire novels. The Stars, Like Dust (1951). The second Empire novel. Pebble in the Sky (1950). The third Empire novel. Prelude to Foundation (1988). This is the first Foundation novel (although it is the latest written, so far). Foundation (1951). The second Foundation novel. Actually, it is a collection of four stories, originally published between 1942 and 1944, plus an introductory section written for the book in 1949. Foundation and Empire (1952). The third Foundation novel, made up of two stories, originally published in 1945. Second Foundation (1953). The fourth Foundation novel, made up of two stories, originally published in 1948 and 1949. Foundations Edge (1982). The fifth Foundation novel. Foundation and Earth (1983). The sixth Foundation novel. Will I add additional books to the series? I might. There is room for a book between Robots and Empire (5) and The Currents of Space (6) and between Prelude to Foundation (9) and Foundation (10) and of course between others as well. And then I can follow Foundation and Earth (14) with additional volumes-as many as I like. Naturally, there's got to be some limit, for I don't expect to live forever, but I do intend to hang on as long as possible.

Linux Case Study

Users can download it or free while proprietary software, like Microsoft, charges the user a fee to use. Linux is considered the largest collaborative project in history. 2) Should Microsoft consider Linux a threat? Why or why not? Yes, Microsoft should consider Linux a threat. Even though Microsoft continues to innovate, Linux has the power of worldwide programmers behind it. Businesses and governments are quickly switching to Linux for many reasons and if this trend continues, Microsoft could be left behind. ) How is open source software a potential trend shaping organizations? More and more, organizations are competing on a global scale. They need agile systems to keep up with ever changing business needs. Open source software is considered reliable, scalable and is extremely secure. It provides companies with an agile system that helps them respond to quickly changing customer needs and offers a competitive edge. The code is continuously improving and as issues arise, they are co rrected quickly. 4) How can you use Linux as an emerging technology to gain a competitive advantage?Many companies today are slow to utilize new technology due to cost or adversity to change. Just as consumer products undergo continuous improvement, so must business systems. It's easy for a competitor to gain a competitive advantage if a company doesn't upgrade systems and keep current. My employer is a company that is slow to change technology. They do extended due diligence to the point of beating a dead horse. By the time they decide to implement, new technology comes along and the process starts all over again.It's 2012 and they have FINALLY decided to implement ERP. A team was comprised and they are slowly working on how to best implement it. By the time it's actually up and running, something else will probably be â€Å"state of the art†. 5) Research the Internet and discover potential ways that open source software might revolutionize business in the future. As busines ses and governments become more transparent and accountable, open source software allows them almost total control over every day operations (www. Reveres. Com).

Double Idemnity essays

Double Idemnity essays Dim rooms with light severing through venetian blinds, alleys cluttered with garbage, deserted warehouses where dust hangs in the air, rain-slicked streets with water still running in the gutters, dark detective offices overlooking busy streets. This is film noir, a perfect blend of form and content, where the hopelessness of the situations is echoed in the visual style, which douses the world in shadows and only scarce bursts of sunlight. Film noir is a style of American films that evolved in the 1940s, and lasted until about 1960. The primary moods of classic film noir are melancholy, estrangement, bleakness, failure, pessimism, moral corruption, evil, guilt and paranoia. The females in film noir are usually femme fatales - mysterious, double-crossing, gorgeous, unloving, predatory, unreliable, irresponsible, manipulative and desperate women. Film noir films, often in grays, blacks and whites, show the dark and inhumane side of human nature with cynicism and doomed love, and they emphasize the unhealthy, shadowy, dark and sadistic sides of the human experience. A typical film noir portrays an everyday man; living a normal life, until he meets a mysterious and seductive woman, the femme fatale, who entangles him into a web of deceit, crime and corruption from which he can never disentangle himself. The femme fatale in Billy Wilders Double Indemnity is Phyllis Dietrichson, and the likeable but amoral male character is Walter Neff. From her determined heels clicking down the stairs at her first meeting with Neff, to her planned perfectly calculated deadly finale, she is cool and in complete control. No pity, no excuses, no nerves. Phyllis is attractive, and with the appeal of the smooth, the powerful, the fatal. Shes the ultimate of confidence, but inside, theres a steel trap coiled and waiting to spring. In her initial meeting with Neff she plans her moves for effect. She uses her anklet, her perfume, a ...

Below is Not an Attributive Adjective

Below is Not an Attributive Adjective Below is Not an Attributive Adjective Below is Not an Attributive Adjective By Maeve Maddox The word below is used as a preposition and as an adverb, but never as an attributive adjective. At least, that is what I believed until I received this email from a reader: Have you written about the current use (or, rather, misuse) of below? People are saying, â€Å"Please read the below information and send your reservation,† etc. Sure enough, a quick Web cruise provides numerous (international) examples of the phrases â€Å"below information† and â€Å"below form† from sites run by universities, health services, local governments, and newspapers: To facilitate the application process, please read the below information  completely. After reading the below information, please apply.- Virginia Tech graduate school. Please read the below information carefully before using the old Vocals Syllabus in your exam.- Rock School (UK). For data classifications and handling please read the below information provided by Purdue University.- Purdue University. If you already participate in CAQH: Please complete the below form and submit it (or any questions) using the contact information below.- Molina Healthcare. Please read the below information to help with the application process.- City of Buffalo, New York. Please read the below information to see which option suits you.- The Sydney Morning Herald (Australia). In each of these examples, the word below should follow the nouns and not stand in front of them. The OED defines this use of below as follows: below adverb: Lower on a written sheet or page; hence, later in a book or writing; at the foot of the page. When an object is present, below is a preposition: Read the information below the dotted line. (The object is â€Å"the dotted line.†) When no object is present, below is an adverb: He was asked to sign his name on the line, but he wrote it below. In a construction like â€Å"Read the information below,† the word modified by the adverb is not stated. O’Conner and Kellerman  at Grammarphobia offer this suggestion: It might sometimes help to imagine an unstated word like â€Å"located† or â€Å"positioned† in there somewhere: â€Å"the offices on the floor [located] below.† Merriam-Webster muddies the waters in the entry for below as an adverb by placing the word adjective in parenthesis beside the word adverb: be ·low adverb (or adjective). Paul Brians (Common Errors in English Usage) regards the below + noun usage as an oddity: When calling your readers’ attention to an illustration or table further on in a text, the proper word order is not â€Å"the below table† but â€Å"the table below.† Although it is common to see above placed before a noun in this way, doing it with below sounds very strange to most speakers of standard English. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Spelling Test 1"Replacement for" and "replacement of"Writing a Thank You Note

Post the Mission Statement of the organization that you work for and Essay

Post the Mission Statement of the organization that you work for and give us some indication as to how that impacts the functional tactics of your organization. Discuss in 250 words - Essay Example 2009). Wal-Mart serves as a retail store that focuses on giving everyone a chance to access essential goods that they demand. Through its low prices, it focuses on providing a chance to the poor to access the same products and goods as the rich. Wal-Mart focuses on low product differentiation and conducts minimum advertisements. At the core of its operations, it targets average customers. It aims at giving the most value for its customers but keeps its prices to the minimum that ensures the average can afford the products. The management adopts the business-level strategies that involve locating stores at remote locations outside major cities. By locating the stores in small cities, Wal-Mart aims at serving average consumers (Hill & Jones, 2008, p. 113). Further, the management has robust programs to improve the working environment for its employees. Wal-Mart’s success emanates from its mission statement that targets to serve average customers through offering lower prices to improv e their lives. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (2009). WALMART 2008 ANNUAL REPORT. Retrieved January 29, 2015 from

Gun control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gun control - Essay Example The most important point here is how are the citizens going to ensure their safety when they are told to turn in their guns, according to Boylan (130). People wish to keep guns to enjoy their autonomy and guarantee their safety when they meet robbers, criminals and terrorists. Armed citizens feel their strength in protecting themselves and their families from physically stronger criminals. If guns are banned, the wrongdoers will still obtain guns and ammunition from whatever illegal sources. And who will be in loss? The common man. Owning guns in one of people’s constitutionally protected rights and when one has a right upon something, one does not have to validate the need for it. Banning guns will lead an individual to look for other dangerous things to create violence, and when there are so many other dangerous things one can think of then why only gun control is thought to be the only measure to improve safety? When a common man will intend to kill someone, he can do so in an automobile accident too. So, gun control seems to be outdated. Nothing is good or bad but its use makes it so. Guns are merely tools. What these guns will be used for is decided by the hands that hold them. Guns are evil, or more guns means more crime, are only myths. According to NRA’s America’s First Freedom (qtd.