Sexism and Misogyny

Lawful Drinking Age Essay Individuals have consistently needed what they can't have. Beginning in 1984, this is the mentality most legislators in America have taken regarding underage drinking, since it was when numerous states changed their drinking age from eighteen to twenty-one. Officials imagined that on the off chance that you raised the drinking age, individuals could drink all the more dependably, on the grounds that as you become more established, your cerebrum develops and with development comes duty. In spite of the fact that this law, passed not so much as twenty years prior, was made for the wellbeing of youthful grown-ups, individuals presently are contending to have the law come back to the age of eighteen. Numerous understudies, educators and instructors have a great deal to state about this theme. From John McCardell, previous head of Middlebury College, to the Mother’s Against Drunk Driving Association, individuals have various perspectives on the duty that youthful grown-ups take with regards to liquor. A few people, who see that you ought to have the option to drink when you are a lawful grown-up, gather measurements about auto crashes, passings identified with liquor utilization, and hard-core boozing. Other people who restrict this adjustment in age gather comparable information however there is a curve on the data that they get. When settling on choices about laws, individuals need to think about every conceivable circumstance. Since not just administrators have association in this issue, they need to consider each and every individual who will be influenced, regardless of whether it is individuals from the age of twenty-one or more established or eighteen or more seasoned. In changing the base lawful drinking age to eighteen, the legislators would concede grown-ups with the perfect of equity. Since they are grown-ups, they would be given equivalent thought and be dealt with absolutely as grown-ups. Additionally, having confidence in these youthful grown-ups awards them with obligation, compelling them to grow up more rapidly while still in their late adolescent years. By giving them duty, you need to consider the commitment of non-malficience, which is abstaining from doing injury to other people. In the event that a youthful grown-up got into a fender bender while affected by liquor, it would be that perso n’s issue alongside the entirety of the liquor they legitimately expended. While concluding whether to bring down the base legitimate drinking age, you need to consider that you don't have authority over individuals. Imparting confidence in our childhood, we need to believe that they will settle on savvy choices. John McCardell, previous leader of Middlebury College, contends that if the MLDA was brought down to eighteen, that eighteen to twenty years olds could possibly drink on the off chance that they finished forty-two hours of guidance of the history, science, brain research and human science of liquor. This class would likewise train the threats of liquor and what dangers there are on the off chance that somebody drank an exceedingly high measure of liquor. On the off chance that an individual eighteen or more seasoned took this class, they would gain an uncommon permit that would permit them to buy and devour liquor. Battling against McCardell, the Mother’s Against Drunk Driving Association says that â€Å"the sooner youth drink, the almost certain they are to become liquor subordinate and to drive drunk† One approach to control this is have this program likewise remember sitting for on various Alcoholic Anonymous gatherings. When choosing, administrators need to consider the standards of development, potential, obligation, reasonableness and judiciousness. Abigail Baird, Assistant Professor of Physiological and Brain Sciences at Dartmouth College, contemplated nineteen minds of eighteen-year-old understudies. These understudies moved 100 miles to attend a university and lived without their families. The control to this examination was a gathering of seventeen quarter century olds. Educator Baird reached the resolution that the quarter century old cerebrum was increasingly full grown, particularly in the locales of the mind known to incorporate feeling and perception, the regions that take data from our present body state and apply it for use in exploring the world. Development can go however. It is demonstrated that cerebrums develop at various occasions. Despite the fact that there isn't a test we can provide for decide the development of somebody, legislators need to impart trust and expectation in youthful grown-ups. The perfect of potential and reasonability fit in with the way that legislators can not without any assistance choose who is sufficiently experienced to legitimately devour liquor at eighteen years old. With progressively created cerebrums at twenty-one, the hazard for alcoholic driving and settling on poor choices while impaired are lower. As per the Mother’s Against Drunk Driving Association, the MADD, an expected twenty-3,000 lives have been spared from the raised period of drinking since it the law was passed in 1984. In spite of the fact that it has spared lives, McCardell says that â€Å"(raising the drinking age to twenty-one) constrained liquor utilization behind the shut entryways of dormitories and organization storm cellars. Continuously unaided, done covertly and over and over again inordinate, this style of drinking has no uncertainty been duty regarding the disturbing ascent in paces of alleged ‘binge’ drinking seen at colleges† Looking further into McCardell’s explanation, TIME magazine says that information doesn't show that hitting the bottle hard has deteriorated since states raised their drinking age. John Schulenberg of the University of Michigan and Jennifer Maggs of Penn State say, â€Å"During the previous two decades, in spite of numerous social, segment, political and financial changes†¦rates of incessant overwhelming drinking among those ages nineteen to twenty-two have moved little.† Having the perfect of judiciousness, administrators need to mull over insights. They need to pick the alternative of letting immature, multi year old personalities be permitted to devour and buy liquor, or to keep the law at twenty-one and break the goals of equity and decency. Having the legitimate drinking age of twenty-one varieties affront for law by having such huge numbers of individuals break it, underestimates the job of instructing about liquor use and stoops the time of greater part. At the point when you turn eighteen in the United States, you can cast a ballot, enroll and battle in wars, sign agreements, wed, own organizations, serve in a jury and numerous different things. In most different societies, liquor utilization legitimately starts when you become a lawful grown-up. As per the Institute of Medicine, 90% of liquor devoured by eighteen to twenty years-olds is expended when the individual is associated with substantial drinking. Having the lawful drinking age of twenty-one powers youthful grown-up and young drinking away from plain view with no oversight. This power originates from peer weight, media and watching what individuals more established than them do. Young people are pulled in to the rush, making them drink to an ever increasing extent. The outcomes of hard-core boozing are terrifying and now and then lethal. The utilization of liquor by underage Americans is normal. At the point when youngsters expend liquor, the way that they are accomplishing something illicit doesn't enter their thoughts. Since the law disallows youthful grown-ups from participating in a movement that normally mark adulthood, it empowers infringement and irreverence of the law. As indicated by Public Health Reports, two in each one thousand occasions of underage savoring results captures. As indicated by the Journal of American College Health, youthful grown-ups who decide to unlawfully drink are drinking foolishly. This over the top utilization has brought about hitting the bottle hard, putting youngsters at more serious danger of liquor harming, attack, sexual maltreatment, vandalism and liquor related fatalities. During the Prohibition in 1920, the way of life was home brew, speakeasies and rumrunners. Over the most recent ten years, these demonstrations host been reflected however with barrel gatherings, lager pong and flip cup. Having the lawful drinking age stay at the age of twenty-one keeps youths from accessing liquor, spares lives by forestalling liquor related traffic fatalities from ages eighteen to twenty and shields pre-adult and youthful grown-up minds from the negative results of liquor. The outcomes from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey say that early commencement to liquor prompts long haul liquor issues. With the law set at twenty-one, it keeps liquor from getting under the control of the more youthful populace by making it unlawful to devour, buy and have liquor. Numerous secondary school understudies are shielded from this conceivable harm in light of the fact that their eighteen-year-old companions can't accepting liquor for them. As indicated by the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, individuals that drink in their juvenile years are bound to have liquor misuse gives later in their life. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration says that that the quantity of alcoholic driving fatalities among eighteen to twenty one year olds has diminished by thirteen percent since the time the law has been raised to twenty-one. That decay in the course of the last more than two decades is from many components, including more secure vehicles, expanded open consciousness of the peril of alcoholic driving, obligatory safety belt laws, lower BAC limits and the utilization of assigned drivers, which is a term that didn't exist before the drinking age was brought up in 1984. Additionally, the youthful cerebrum is influenced distinctively by liquor than the mind of a twenty-one year old. Having the drinking age of twenty-one will prompt a more advantageous populace by not permitting teenagers to get it. The American Journal of Psychiatry examined cerebrums of youthful teenagers with liquor misuse issue and the minds of non-drinking peers. The investigation demonstrated that the cerebrums of youthful young people with liquor misuse issue show lower paces of action during memory assignments and less created mind structures than in their non-drinking peers. On the off chance that the lawful drinking age stays as it is presently, America’s youth will be increasingly ensured. A substitute answer for bringing down the age to eighteen and keeping the age at twenty-one is to just permit eighteen-year-olds

Childhood Obesity And Health Inequalities

Youth Obesity And Health Inequalities Youth stoutness is circulated excessively in various districts. Financial status, racial gatherings, (lobstein et.al., 2006) being progressively basic in lower expectary and dreariness are regular in lower. Financial gathering in created nations like U.K (Wilkison.R Marmot R) thinking about these few components. Sociological models endeavors to clarify wellbeing imbalances in the public eye which adds to youth corpulence. The second back report (exworthy 2003) distinguished imbalances in wellbeing and the (Acheson 1988a) inferred that financial disparities and this investigate a mode with singular ways of life, financial status (Dahlgreen social determinants whitehead 1991) with a few model which clarifies the wellbeing disparities incorporates Singular conduct way of life culture. In this individual conduct the food propensities for the youngsters assumes a significant job in kids from lower-pay bunches are progressively helpless against stoutness because of unhealthy, high-fats in less expensive nourishments and restricted physical movement ( Kumanjika 2008). In westernization or current social patterns eating, drinks, quick nourishments in cafés and confined physical action by guardians contributes for pervasiveness of youth stoutness in higher pay gatherings. In help for this clarification about physical movement level or stationary action levels by kids have declined in U.K action latency goes about as spaces to speak to the pervasiveness of corpulence (Gortmaker et., al) This individual conduct is picked to keep away from unfortunate food propensities, idleness in kids and to embrace sound propensities to beat sick wellbeing. This individual conduct model gives clarification on way of life or culture of the parentschildren and this stays away from center cultural elements for youth heftiness. Generally it is individualistic and change in conduct ought not itself wellbeing disparities for enough to clarify youth heftiness. Other social components are to be viewed as which contributes for another model- The realist Structuralist: This model spotlights on social components and destitution as the fundamental variables for sick wellbeing identifying with youngster hood corpulence à ¢Ã£ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢ ¬ In U.K kids from low financial gatherings have marginally higher chances than kids from higher salary gatherings (Stamatkis et. Al., 2005).Statically proof shows that youngsters from lower pay bunches represents (31%) to the kid hood weight (Wardle et al.,2006). This clarification underpins neediness, as the fundamental driver for sick wellbeing in offspring of the lower social gatherings. The grimness rates are steady from nineteenth century in low financial classes and even began startlingly expanding from a years ago of twentieth century (Mackenbach.P.J 2006). The legislature expressed no presence of destitution in Britain as customer solid proprietorship is even high in low salary gatherings (Goodman et. al., 1997).This articulation flopped by Breadline Britain Surveys which confirm 20% families are underneath destitution line (Gordon 1997). This clarification contributes data to government to concentrate on low social classes to improve the expectations for everyday comforts to defeat sick wellbeing in kids. This clarification is bolstered by: Marmot survey report-The social angle of wellbeing disparity confirmations if lower financial status the more unfortunate is the wellbeing with bury related components like-joblessness, lodging etc.,(Marmot Review Report 2010). This clarification indicates that absence of assets, low wages, neediness are liable for sick wellbeing in youngsters and these variables are wild by the individual and to improve compensation, assets to the average workers accentuation on legislative issues i.e., government is made which receives a model Neo-Materialist model and this model underline on social, political, monetary elements which influences the wellbeing and these are crazy of individual and incorporates results from associations like schools, inexpensive food chains etc.,(White.K 2010). This laid to a methodology by government in giving low fat snacks dinners in schools. This materialistic model clarification is noteworthy to clarify about the industrialist nation like U.K. The administration is with expanding imbalances in wellbeing and pay levels (Mackenbach P.J. 2006). This shows approach making by the legislature should take care of the wagestaxes of the common laborers. This clarification is bolstered by the way that U.K destitution is switched to 1930s from 1980s (Gordon 1997). Furthermore, extended salary levels in U.K from 1980s (Wilkinson R.G). This materialistic model has been extended to life course move toward model-as the youth heftiness is basic hazard factor for ceaseless maladies like heart ailments, diabetes mellitus , hyper strain and so forth., ( Gortmaker.S.L et al., 1993) bolstered by youth weight consistent to grown-up and is influenced by financial conditions (Viner M.R, Cole.T 2005). The materialistic model clarification shows that singular wellbeing or conduct is firmly affected by factors past the people control and this receives a financial model (Acheson 1998a) need assets in the general public like joblessness, more significant expenses, low wages, absence of houses and so forth., are the social determinants which adds to sick wellbeing (Wang 2004). This gives clarification on connection among individual and their encompassing investigations proposes that social conditions assume a significant job in singular conduct. Youngsters from low financial status are increasingly helpless against weight because of flawed, less expensive food unhealthy eating routine and restricted physical movement. This absence of assets by guardians of low pay class hinders youngsters structure sound eating regimen, physical action and this help the evil wellbeing, heftiness is impacted by social conditions as opposed to person. The material assets is upheld by: Marmot Review Repor t-The yearly assessed cost of wellbeing disparities is between  £36 billion to  £40 billion and is with social equity for defeating wellbeing imbalances (Marmot Review Report 2010). This backings that equity in material assets to bring down salary class defeats wellbeing imbalances in further age of youngsters. The financial model investigates in considering psychosocial factors for kid hood stoutness which is bolstered by kids with fat moms, lower psychological incitement, lower salary levels are with expanded hazard for heftiness. This mental components center around low confidence, youngsters with undesirable conduct. Social procedures that are associated with youth stoutness are closed by detailing theory à ¢Ã£ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢ ¬ Relative destitution consequences for youngsters kid hood corpulence, Living guidelines, family impact on youth weight, examination of status by kids in the public eye.

How Brain Cells Communicate With Each Other

How Brain Cells Communicate With Each Other Panic Disorder Print How Brain Cells Communicate With Each Other By Sheryl Ankrom linkedin Sheryl Ankrom is a clinical professional counselor and nationally certified clinical mental health counselor specializing in anxiety disorders. Learn about our editorial policy Sheryl Ankrom Updated on November 20, 2019 PIXOLOGICSTUDIO/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Coping Related Conditions Weighing in at only about three pounds, the brain is the most complicated part of the human body. As the organ responsible for intelligence, thoughts, sensations, memories, body movement, feelings and behavior, it has been studied and hypothesized for centuries. But, it is the last decade of research that has provided the most significant contributions to our understanding of how the brain functions. Even with these advancements, what we know so far is probably only a fraction of what we will, undoubtedly, discover in the future. The human brain is believed to function in a complex chemical environment through various types of neurons and neurotransmitters. Neurons are brain cells, numbering in the billions, which are capable of instant communication with each other through chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. As we live our lives, brain cells are constantly receiving information about our environment. The brain then attempts to make an internal representation of our external world through complex chemical changes. Neurons (Brain Cells) The center of the neuron is called the cell body or soma. It contains the nucleus, which houses the cell’s deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or genetic material. The cell’s DNA defines what type of cell it is and how it will function. At one end of the cell body are the dendrites, which are receivers of information sent by other brain cells (neurons). The term dendrite, which comes from a Latin term for tree, is used because the dendrites of a neuron resemble tree branches. At the other end of the cell body is the axon. The axon is a long tubular fiber that extends away from the cell body. The axon acts as a conductor of electrical signals. At the base of the axon are the axon terminals. These terminals contain vesicles where chemical messengers, also known as neurotransmitters, are stored. Neurotransmitters (Chemical Messengers) It is believed that the brain contains several hundred different types of chemical messengers (neurotransmitters). Generally, these messengers are categorized as either excitatory or inhibitory. An excitatory messenger stimulates the electrical activity of the brain cell, whereas an inhibitory messenger calms this activity. The activity of a neuron (brain cell) is largely determined by the balance of these excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms. Scientists have identified specific neurotransmitters that are believed to be related to anxiety disorders. The chemical messengers that are typically targeted with medications commonly used to treat the panic disorder include: Serotonin. This neurotransmitter plays a role in modulating a variety of body functions and feelings, including our mood. Low serotonin levels have been linked to depression and anxiety. The antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered to be the first-line agents in the treatment of panic disorder. SSRIs increase the level of serotonin in the brain, resulting in decreased anxiety and inhibition of panic attacks.Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that is believed to be associated with the fight or flight stress response. It contributes to feelings of alertness, fear, anxiety, and panic. Selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants affect the serotonin and norepinephrine levels in the brain, resulting in an anti-panic effect.Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that acts through a negative feedback system to block the transmission of a signal from one cell to another. It is important for balancing the excitation in the brain. Benzodiazepines (anti-anxiety drugs) work on the GABA receptors of the brain inducing a state of relaxation. How Neurons and Neurotransmitters Working Together When a brain cell receives sensory information, it fires an electrical impulse that travels down the axon to the axon terminal where chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) are stored. This triggers the release of these chemical messengers into the synaptic cleft, which is a small space between the sending neuron and the receiving neuron. As the messenger makes its journey across the synaptic cleft, several things may happen: The messenger may be degraded and knocked out of the picture by an enzyme before it reaches its target receptor.The messenger may be transported back into the axon terminal through a reuptake mechanism and be deactivated or recycled for future use.The messenger may bind to a receptor (dendrite) on a neighboring cell and complete the delivery of its message. The message may then be forwarded to the dendrites of other neighboring cells. But, if the receiving cell determines that no more of the neurotransmitters are needed, it will not forward the message. The messenger will then continue to try to find another receiver of its message until it is deactivated or returned to the axon terminal by the reuptake mechanism. For optimal brain function, neurotransmitters must be carefully balanced and orchestrated. They are often interconnected and rely on each other for proper function. For example, the neurotransmitter GABA, which induces relaxation, can only function properly with adequate amounts of serotonin. Many psychological disturbances, including panic disorder, may be the result of poor quality or low quantities of certain neurotransmitters or neuron receptor sites, the release of too much of a neurotransmitter or the malfunctioning of the reuptake mechanisms of the neuron.

The U.S.S.R. Under Stalin - 1160 Words

11.30.10 The U.S.S.R. Under Stalin 1924-1941 Paper 1 Questions Answers 1)a) Evidence in Source D that suggests that Stalins motive for the mass arrests of the late 1930s was to obtain slave labor is that â€Å"the mass arrest of the late 1930s may have been carried out to satisfy Stalins desire for slave labor,† and â€Å"more prison laborers were urgently needed.† b) In Source D, â€Å"absurd inefficiency† means that the overpopulation of the prison laborers in the camps made them disorganized and made it difficult for the camp commanders to be able handle them all. 2) In both Sources B and E, Stalins view of industrialization as a war economy is expressed as: Both sources share the view that the purpose of industrialization was†¦show more content†¦as a whole. In Source B, Stalin declared that â€Å"he was promoting a war on the inefficiences of Russias past, a war on the class enemies within, and as preparation for the capitalist enemies abroad.† The U.S.S.R. â€Å"adopted a similar industrial pattern in its drive toward modernization,† but it would â€Å"take the path of socialism† instead of capitalism. The Plan itself â€Å"was a huge propaganda project, aimed at convincing the Soviet people that they were engaged in a great industrial enterprise of their own making.† In Source C, due to the rapid urban development in the U.S.S.R., â€Å"A new perspective emerged in official documents, one that viewed the increased employment of women not in terms of its effects on women but as essential to the fulfillment of the economic plans.† The purpose was to â€Å"ensure the fulfillment of the production program of the Five Year Plan, it was necessary to draw more wives of workers into production.† In Source D, it says that â€Å"the mass arrests of the late 1930s may have been carried out to satisfy Stalins desire for slave labor† because â€Å"more prison laborers were urgently needed.† There were camps where mass number of slave laborers were kept. The more the slave laborers, the more the work, and the faster the Five Year Plans goals would be achieved. In Source E, the poster is for the purpose of propaganda, showingShow MoreRelatedEssay Impact of Stalanism on the Soviet State1041 Words   |  5 PagesThe concept of Stalinism, being the ideologies and policies adopted by Stalin, including centralization, totalitarianism and communism, impacted, to an extent, on the soviet state until 1941. After competing with prominent Bolshevik party members Stalin emerged as the sole leader of the party in 1929. From this moment, Stalinism pervaded every level of society. Despite the hindrance caused by the bureaucracy, the impact of Stalinism was achieved through the implementation of collectivization andRead MorePost World War II: Hungarian ´s Goal to Achieve Freedom from the Communists890 Words   |  4 PagesHungary represented most factors of the post-war destruction in Europe. Soon after, the U.S.S.R. liberated many countries, including this one. Much of Europe, once occupied by Nazi Germany, became dominate d by Communist Russia and those who fought back were crushed under the iron rule of Joseph Stalin. In February 1943 he assisted budding communist, Matyas Rakosi, in turning Hungary into a Socialist Republic. After Stalin passed away, Eastern European countries made strong efforts to break the tyrannicalRead MoreUj7Juyuyy1109 Words   |  5 PagesJoseph Stalin was born 18th December 1878 and died on 5th March 1953, was the leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953. Holding the post of the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, he was effectively the dictator of the state. 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Renewable Sources Of Energy Glasgow And The West Of...

It has recently come to light that Glasgow and the West of Scotland have been using a great deal of our earth’s precious finite resources. To combat this we must take advantage of our valuable surroundings and look for long term replacements such as solar, wind and tidal power as well as geothermal and hydroelectric sources. In the interest of our planets wellbeing and our country’s economy, the engineers at SECC have created the following report. Our aim is to help you realise the potential of these alternative sources and push for them to replace the power plants burning through our finite resources. One of many possible renewable sources of energy is biomass. Biomass energy is the power that is contained within plant and animals.†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, it would reduce the need for landfills as all organic waste can be turned into biomass energy. Biomass has also been developed as an alternate fuel source and has helped to reduce dependencies on fossil fuels. It is an incredibly versatile form of energy as it can be used for many different purposes. However, despite its many advantages biomass still has many disadvantages. Firstly it is not as efficient as fossil fuels, for example the ethanol produced for cars via biomass is not even close to the efficiency of petrol and does damage to engines over time. It also has the potential to harm the environment through increase of methane gases which are produced as a bi-product if animal and human waste is used. Biomass also requires a large distance away from residential areas in order to burn it and a large amount of fuel in comparison to other energy sources which can have dramatic effects if large portions of forests are cut down to provide lumber.1 The majority of biomass power plants use direct combustion. In a cogeneration facility the steam from the boiler is captured to heat water and buildings. Although this is a dependable technology it only achieves a thermal efficiency of 20%. This can, however, be increased by cogeneration or by co-firing which is the burning of biomass along with coal. Another method being used is gasification of biomass.

Taking action that risks destroying a friendship Free Essays

Some people think letting a friend make a mistake is better than taking action that risks destroying a friendship. However, I prefer to let my friend know his or her mistake when I know it . This is because I can direct my friend to proper way and lead both of us to keep a stable relationship. We will write a custom essay sample on Taking action that risks destroying a friendship or any similar topic only for you Order Now First of all, I want my friend to know proper behavior because I truly care about my friend. If I see my friend make a mistake, I will make my friend know about his or her attitude. For my personal example, I had an experience about my friend who really likes to borrow others’ stuffs for her own benefit. I knew our friendship will be broken if I tell her not to do it. However, I told her about my opinion and showed my frankness for my friend’s future. While I kept talking about her bad habit, she eventually understood to the extent that she was selfish. After this, she highly cares other people first over herself. Therefore, I strongly believe that it is better to get involved in case people seetheir friends are about to make a mistake. Second, it helps me feel better to tell my thoughts of my friend’s behavior because telling the truth is more beneficial for our steady relationship. Even though telling downside of my friend is unpleasant for the time being, our friendship will be stronger and more stable in the future. Using my personal experience as an example, I have the best friend in Korea whom I keep in touch with even though I am in United States now. We met each other in freshman year. He is outgoing and sociable, so he really enjoys meeting a new girl for fun. Since I really worried about my friend’s unserious relationships with several girls, I advised him about his dating. At first, he was so angry with me at first, but we become best friend now after he realized my truth. Therefore, I believe that telling a friend to correct bad behaviors helps me to make the friendship stronger. To sum up, taking action that risks destroying a friendship is better for all in the long run. For these reasons, I strongly agree that it is better to get involved to prevent my friends from making mistakes rather than letting them make a mistake. How to cite Taking action that risks destroying a friendship, Papers

Strategic Marketing for Environmental Impacts- MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theStrategic Marketing for Environmental Impacts. Answer: Introduction Marketing is the way of determining the taste and preference pattern of the customers and providing those services and products accordingly (Baker, 2014). Strategic marketing are being adopted by the organizations to create an ideal marketing plan to increase the sales turnover and the satisfaction level of the customers. Strategic marketing involves different promotional policies of the organizations covering various aspects of attracting customers, providing highest level of service and expansion of market share (West, Ford Ibrahim, 2015). Absence of proper marketing strategies can led an organization to its doomsday. Eastern airlines were one of the prominent airliners in United States of America. It was being considered among the top four airliners in America. In late seventies, Eastern airlines faced business issues such as labor problems and high debts. On the other hand, deregulations also caused inflow of new competitors, which further affected their market share. Withstanding with all these issues, Eastern airlines came to halt in 1991 when they went for bankruptcy. Recently, they are trying to regain the market again under new leaderships (About Us Eastern Air Lines, 2017). This report will throw the lights on the probable marketing strategies of Eastern airline and their business environment where they will operate. Promotional strategies to regain their market share will also be discussed here. Situational Analysis Internal Environment: Internal environment represents the microenvironment of the organizations that includes resources and core competencies of them. Internal communications determine how well the organization will serve to its customers (Singh, 2012). Eastern airline has the core competencies of most technologically advanced aircraft, most professionally trained crew and best customer services. Nowadays, air travel is not about only travelling from one place to another but also an entire phenomenon of providing excellent service to the customers. The competencies if effectively maintained by Eastern airline can help in regaining their market share. They have fleet size of four aircrafts currently operating. They have placed order for ten new aircrafts from Boeing. Having these physical assets, they can efficiently operate in their initial routes. Last time, they lag behind in the competition due to the antagonistic approach of their former chief. However, now their leadership comprises of some professional and experienced airline managers. They have taken modern and sustainable marketing approach. Their current mission is to provide the customers best in the segment ambience and facilities. This helps to attract more customers and their employee friendly organizational culture will motivate the employees to serve better. Customer Environment: In the present scenario, customers are more sensitive to new technologies, products and services. In the airline market of America, price is one of the key criteria for the customer along with different added facilities (Silva Verhoef, 2013). Customers are also tends to choose their preferred airlines based on their punctuality. Therefore, customer environment is much more competitive than ever before and Eastern airline should meet their expectations to regain the market share. External Environment External environment comprises of political, social and economic factors that can have an impact on the organizations (Dixon et al., 2013). Changes in labor laws and other corporate laws can affect the business of Eastern airline (Cavusgil et al., 2014). Bad word of mouth due to some incidents will also prove a challenge for them. Negative growth of economy will also adversely affect their business due to reduction of purchasing power of customers and vice versa. Eastern airline should always be technologically advanced to be ahead in the competition. Marketing Goals and Objectives The primary objectives of Eastern airline are to increase the market presence in the American market. They are based in Miami and have their headquarter in Miami International airport. Their short-term objective is to acquire more aircrafts and be operational in more routes. Eastern airline already have the brand value and identity from their past. This will help them to garner the initial recognition in the market. They were known for their good services. Therefore, Eastern airline now have the primary goal of attaining that status by providing top-notch services. In late seventies, Eastern airline is the biggest airline services in term of passengers in American market. Their initial goal is to achieve that market leadership position again. To achieve these goals, they are gradually increasing their fleet size and routes to increase their access to the customers. Fulfillment of these initial conditions will gradually lead them to their goals. The more they will provide good services to the customers, the more good word of mouth will spread and more they can increase their market share. Marketing Strategy Target Market Eastern airline has the goals of being one of the largest airline services as they are in the past. Targeting only a particular segment of customers or providing niche services will not help to achieve this goal (Wedel Kamakura, 2012). Eastern airline will have to promote a holistic approach covering all segments of customers. However, targeting both the higher and middle class customers at the same time is not an easy task. Therefore, their aircraft should comprise both of business class and of economic class. Certain routes may have more of business class customers and vice versa. Promoting situational strategy in these cases will be beneficial. Added services and ambience will be the key factors for Eastern airlines to promote their business class portfolios whereas, cost effectiveness will be the key to push the sales in economic class. Adopting this strategy, Eastern airline can cover the entire customers base as their target audience. Marketing Program Eastern airline is rebuilding their organization right from the scratch. Therefore, their initial target is to have a commendable market presence. Their strategy should be to select a few profitable routes for initial operations. Again, providing top-notch services will create goodwill in those regions, which will help them to expend their base. Now the next step will be to analyze the competition in the market (Hollensen, 2015). Analyzing the competition will make them aware about the factors most and least preferred by the customers. Market potential and customers behavior can also be obtained from the competitors analysis. Based on the analysis, situational strategy should be implemented to attract the customers. Eastern airline should take the note of pricing policy and the equilibrium prices for a certain market or region. Branding and Positioning Strategy Eastern airline should position them in the market in such a way that is will attract entire customer base. Having a particular targeted segment will not increase the market share. Reduction of business risks can be achieved by increasing more customer base. The positioning strategy of Eastern airline should make them positioned as a premium service provider among the masses and having more value added service than the competitors to the upper class audience. Extensive and aggressive marketing and promotional activity should be implemented to increase the brand identity. Activities such as loyalty programs will help to retain the existing customers and to create a good word of mouth (Hassan Craft, 2012). Eastern airline should maintain a universal and singular approach when it comes to customer services. All the touch points of them should possess same approach and same ambience. They should maintain same color code, training of the employees and customer services all over their covered regions (Jian et al., 2012). This will enable the customers to relate in a singular way with them. Eastern airline should brand their service in all types of media, especially in social media. Presence in social media will help them to connect directly with the customers, and can have their reviews according to which they can modify their services (Castronovo Huang, 2012). Conclusion This report analyzed the both internal and external environments where Eastern airline is going to operate. It concludes that, Eastern airline is having a goodwill and identity from their past. Efficient utilization of the same and the existing resources can make them a prominent player in the American airline market again. They are in the first stage of growth and gradually expanding their businesses and if all the factors can be maintained properly, they can achieve their desired goals. Ideal marketing strategy for eastern airline has also been discussed in this report. Optimal implementation of these marketing, branding and positioning strategies will help them to gain a position in the market and the foundation for further growth or development. References About Us | Eastern Air Lines. (2017). Easternairlines.aero. Retrieved 29 May 2017, from https://easternairlines.aero/about Baker, M. J. (2014).Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Castronovo, C., Huang, L. (2012). Social media in an alternative marketing communication model.Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness,6(1), 117. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G., Rose, E. L. (2014).International business. Pearson Australia. Dixon, J., Scura, L., Carpenter, R., Sherman, P. (2013).Economic analysis of environmental impacts. Routledge. Hassan, S. S., Craft, S. (2012). Examining world market segmentation and brand positioning strategies.Journal of Consumer marketing,29(5), 344-356. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Jian Wang, Y., Hernandez, M. D., Minor, M. S., Wei, J. (2012). Superstitious beliefs in consumer evaluation of brand logos: Implications for corporate branding strategy.European journal of marketing,46(5), 712-732. Silva, H. E., Verhoef, E. T. (2013). Optimal pricing of flights and passengers at congested airports and the efficiency of atomistic charges.Journal of Public Economics,106, 1-13. Singh, P. K. (2012). Management of business processes can help an organization achieve competitive advantage.International Management Review,8(2), 19. Wedel, M., Kamakura, W. A. (2012).Market segmentation: Conceptual and methodological foundations(Vol. 8). Springer Science Business Media. West, D., Ford, J., Ibrahim, E. (2015).Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press.

About the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

About the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a military alliance of countries from Europe and North America promising collective defense. Currently numbering 29 nations, NATO was formed initially to counter the communist East and has searched for a new identity in the post-Cold War world. Background In the aftermath of the Second World War, with ideologically opposed Soviet armies occupying much of Eastern Europe and fears still high over German aggression, the nations of Western Europe searched for a new form of military alliance to protect themselves. In March 1948 the Brussels Pact was signed between France, Britain, Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg, creating a defence alliance called the Western European Union, but there was a feeling that any effective alliance would have to include the US and Canada. In the US there was widespread concern about both the spread of Communism in Europe – strong Communist parties had formed in France and Italy - and potential aggression from Soviet armies, leading the US to seek talks about an Atlantic alliance with the west of Europe. The perceived need for a new defensive unit to rival the Eastern bloc was exacerbated by the Berlin Blockade of 1949, leading to an agreement that same year with many nations from Europe. Some nations opposed membership and still do, e.g. Sweden, Ireland. Creation, Structure, and Collective Security NATO was created by the North Atlantic Treaty, also called the Washington Treaty, which was signed on April 5th 1949. There were twelve signatories, including the United States, Canada and Britain (full list below). The head of NATOs military operations is the Supreme Allied Commander Europe, a position always held by an American so their troops don’t come under foreign command, answering to the North Atlantic Council of ambassadors from member nations, which is led by the Secretary General of NATO, who is always European. The centrepiece of the NATO treaty is Article 5, promising collective security: an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all; and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defense recognized by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area. The German Question The NATO treaty also allowed for the alliance’s expansion among European nations, and one of the earliest debates among NATO members was the German question: should West Germany (the East was under rival Soviet control) be re-armed and allowed to join NATO. There was opposition, invoking the recent German aggression which caused World War Two, but in May 1955 Germany was allowed to join, a move which caused upset in Russia and led to the formation of the rival Warsaw Pact alliance of Eastern communist nations. NATO and the Cold War NATO had, in many ways, been formed to secure West Europe against the threat of Soviet Russia, and the Cold War of 1945 to 1991 saw an often tense military standoff between NATO on one side and the Warsaw Pact nations on the other. However, there was never a direct military engagement, thanks in part to the threat of nuclear war; as part of NATO agreements nuclear weapons were stationed in Europe. There were tensions within NATO itself, and in 1966 France withdrew from the military command established in 1949. Nevertheless, there was never a Russian incursion into the western democracies, in large part due to the NATO alliance. Europe was very familiar with an aggressor taking one country after another thanks for the late 1930s and did not let it happen again. NATO After the Cold War The end of the Cold War in 1991 led to three major developments: the expansion of NATO to include new nations from the former Eastern bloc (full list below), the re-imagining of NATO as a ‘co-operative security’ alliance able to deal with European conflicts not involving member nations and the first use of NATO forces in combat. This first occurred during the Wars of the Former Yugoslavia, when NATO used air-strikes first against Bosnian-Serb positions in 1995, and again in 1999 against Serbia, plus the creation of a 60,000 peace keeping force in the region. NATO also created the Partnership for Peace initiative in 1994, aimed at engaging and building trust with ex-Warsaw Pact nations in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, and later the nations from the Former Yugoslavia. Other 30 countries have so far joined, and ten have become full members of NATO. NATO and the War on Terror: The conflict in the former Yugoslavia had not involved a NATO member state, and the famous clause 5 was first – and unanimously - invoked in 2001 after terrorist attacks on the United States, leading to NATO forces running peace-keeping operations in Afghanistan. NATO has also created the Allied Rapid Reaction Force (ARRF) for faster responses. However, NATO has come under pressure in recent years from people arguing it should be scaled down, or left to Europe, despite the increase in Russian aggression in the same period. NATO might still be searching for a role, but it played a huge role in maintaining the status quo in the Cold War, and has potential in a world where Cold War aftershocks keep happening.   Member States 1949 Founder Members: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France (withdrew from military structure 1966), Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom, United States1952: Greece (withdrew from military command 1974 – 80), Turkey1955: West Germany (With East Germany as reunified Germany from 1990)1982: Spain1999: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland2004: Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia2009: Albania, Croatia2017: Montenegro

Battle of Talavera - Napoleonic Wars Battle of Talavera - Peninsular War Battle of Talavera

Battle of Talavera - Napoleonic Wars Battle of Talavera - Peninsular War Battle of Talavera Battle of Talavera - Conflict: The Battle of Talavera was fought during the Peninsular War which was part of the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). Battle of Talavera - Date: The fighting at Talavera occurred on July 27-28, 1809. Armies Commanders: England Spain Sir Arthur WellesleyGeneral Gregorio de la Cuesta20,641 British34,993 Spanish France Joseph BonaparteMarshal Jean-Baptiste JourdanMarshal Claude-Victor Perrin46,138 men Battle of Talavera - Background: On July 2, 1809, British forces under Sir Arthur Wellesley crossed into Spain after defeating the corps of Marshal Nicolas Soult. Advancing east, they sought to unite with Spanish forces under General Gregoria de la Cuesta for an attack on Madrid. In the capital, French forces under King Joseph Bonaparte prepared to meet this threat. Assessing the situation, Joseph and his commanders elected to have Soult, who was then in the north, advance to cut Wellesleys supply lines to Portugal, while the corps of Marshal Claude Victor-Perrin advanced to block the allied thrust. Battle of Talavera - Moving to Battle: Wellesley united with Cuesta on July 20, 1809, and the allied army advanced on Victors position near Talavera. Attacking, Cuestas troops were able to force Victor to retreat. As Victor withdrew, Cuesta elected to pursue the enemy while Wellesley and the British remained at Talavera. After marching 45 miles, Cuesta was compelled to fall back after encountering Josephs main army at Torrijos. Outnumbered, the Spanish rejoined the British at Talavera. On July 27, Wellesley sent forward General Alexander Mackenzies 3rd Division to aid in covering the Spanish retreat. Due to confusion in the British lines, his division suffered 400 casualties when it was attacked by the French advance guard. Arriving at Talavera, the Spanish occupied the town and extended their line north along a stream known as the Portina. The Allied left was held by the British whose line ran along a low ridge and occupied a hill known as the Cerro de Medellin. In the center of the line they built a redoubt which was supported by the General Alexander Campbells 4th Division. Intending to fight a defensive battle, Wellesley was pleased with the terrain. Battle of Talavera - The Armies Clash: Arriving on the battlefield, Victor immediately send forward the division of General Franà §ois Ruffin to seize the Cerro even though night had fallen. Moving through the darkness, they nearly reached the summit before the British were alerted to their presence. In the sharp, confused fight that followed, the British were able to throw back the French attack. That night, Joseph, his chief military advisor Marshal Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, and Victor plotted their strategy for the next day. Though Victor favored launching a massive assault on Wellesleys position, Joseph decided on making limited attacks. At dawn, the French artillery opened fire on the Allied lines. Ordering his men to take cover, Wellesley awaited the French assault. The first attack came against the Cerro as Ruffins division moved forward in columns. Moving up the hill, they were met with heavy musket fire from the British. After enduring this punishment the columns disintegrated as the men broke and ran. With their attack defeated, the French command paused for two hours to assess their situation. Electing to continue the battle, Joseph ordered another assault on the Cerro while also sending forward three divisions against the Allied center. While this attack was ongoing, Ruffin, supported by troops from General Eugene-Casimir Villattes division were to attack the north side of the Cerro and attempt to flank the British position. The first French division to attack was that of Leval which struck the junction between the Spanish and British lines. After making some progress, it was thrown back by intense artillery fire. To the north, Generals Horace Sebastiani and Pierre Lapisse assaulted General John Sherbrookes 1st Division. Waiting for the French to close to 50 yards, the British opened fire in one massive volley staggering the French attack. Charging forward, Sherbrookes men drove back the first French line until being stopped by the second. Hit by heavy French fire, they were forced to retreat. The gap in the British line was quickly filled by part of MacKenzies division and the 48th Foot which was led into place by Wellesley. These forces held the French at bay until Sherbrookes men could be reformed. To the north, Ruffin and Villattes attack never developed as the British moved into blocking positions. They were handed a minor victory when Wellesley ordered his cavalry to charge them. Surging forward, the horsemen were stopped by a hidden ravine that cost them around half their strength. Pressing on, they were easily repulsed by the French. With the attacks defeated, Joseph elected to retire from the field despite requests from his subordinates to renew the battle. Battle of Talavera - Aftermath: The fighting at Talavera cost Wellesley and the Spanish around 6,700 dead and wounded (British casualties: 801 dead, 3,915 wounded, 649 missing), while the French incurred 761 dead, 6,301 wounded and 206 missing. Remaining at Talavera after the battle due to a lack of supplies, Wellesley still hoped that the advance on Madrid could be resumed. On August 1, he learned that Soult was operating in his rear. Believing Soult to only have 15,000 men, Wellesley turned and marched to deal with the French marshal. When he learned that Soult had 30,000 men, Wellesley backed off and began withdrawing towards the Portuguese border. Though the campaign had failed, Wellesley was created Viscount Wellington of Talavera for his success on the battlefield. Selected Sources British Battles: Battle of TalaveraPeninsular War: Battle of TalaveraHistory of War: Battle of Talavera

Evaluation on Mathematics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evaluation on Mathematics - Term Paper Example Since the 1960s, the mathematic abilities of American Students has been deteriorating compared to those students from other nations. A recent study illustrated that mathematic performance depends more on education and attitude rather than inborn genetic talent (Kimball & Smith, 2013). As such, this particular analysis will focus on the ways in which mathematics is an essential component of the current society and how it is essential that students be effectively trained in math and taught not to simply â€Å"give up† if the first attempt (or attempts) were less than satisfactory. Math is objective, so students who do poorly on exams will tend to compare themselves to those who did well; not realizing that those students were well prepared. The dilemma occurs as the under-performing students identify themselves with the phrase, "Im just not good at math". From this point, it may seem the student will use this as a excuse that could decrease their motivation to prepare for math exams. This self-fulfilling prophecy can cause people to avoid approaching math with "perseverance, tenacity, and fearlessness," which is the attitude needed for people to succeed (Schwartz, 2006). Yet, as has been noted previously, the reality of this approach is that it creates generations of students that simply give up on math; rather than coming to appreciate the fact that it is a difficult subject that requires a certain degree of dedication and mastery to successfully understand and apply. In order to encourage the increased levels of dedication that should be reflected within st udents, educators would do well to remind them how fundamental math is and some of the reasons why is will come to be of ever increasing importance if these students would like to attain a well paying job after graduation (Goel & Reid, 2012). One of the first and

Nigeria and Canada are two places I have lived in, they are however so Essay

Nigeria and Canada are two places I have lived in, they are however so different in a lot of ways - Essay Example Some provinces have both Goods and Services Tax (GST) and Provincial Sales Tax (PST), some have just Provincial Sales Tax (PST) and yet some have the Harmonized Sales Tax (HST). The bottom line is that goods and services are taxable in Canada. Taxes are not paid on items purchased or on services utilized in Nigeria. It is only the actual price of the good or service that is paid for at any point in time. Nigeria operates a non-tax method of payment on goods and services. Canada and Nigeria are two countries that are so different in their methods of operation. One appears to be one extreme from the other in the way things are done. I have lived in both of them and have observed the clear differences. I think the differences have to do with the fact that Nigeria is a Third world country, while Canada is a developed country. I don't wholly accept the way Canada operates as compared to Nigeria and Vice Versa, I however, appreciate some policies of Canada and those of Nigeria. They are unique in themselves and prove to be very interesting places to

What Is Finishing School Marketing Essay

What Is Finishing School Marketing Essay A finishing school is the final polish to your education to make you an all-rounder with a good personality, grooming, excellent personal etiquette and dress sense. A well groomed person with a pleasant personality stands out in a crowd and has a higher chance of ready acceptance in any setting be it the job market, family environment or peer group. Need for a Finishing School None of us can truthfully say that we are perfect and have nothing more to learn. Life is a school with live experiences. At our finishing school we give you the accumulated wisdom of our faculty to help you move up in your life. There are two ways to learn one by making mistakes and the other by learning before you make the mistakes. We believe that we can make a difference in your life by helping you move upward towards your goals and ambitions. Grooming in a Finishing School You learn the art of conversation, the quietly elegant as well as the flamboyant style of dress and grooming, the art of conversation, managing to live within your income, tips on saving and investment, handling aggressive behaviour with calm and poise and to manage your time effectively. This is only an outline of things and each specific need has a program to handle it. The ways of learning in a Finishing School Our programs are FUN and learning has never been so easy. Practical learning always makes for more effective retention and we follow this approach in all areas of our programs. Studies about learning methodology reveal that kinesthetic, visual and auditory learning has a better appeal and makes for better understanding. Our course modules are developed keeping these principles in mind. Age no bar for a Finishing School student A person can enrol in our finishing school at any age between 7 and 70. We believe that there are no barriers to learning. Our primary programmes are aimed at the segment seeking employment immediately or in the near future. These short-term courses help you enhance your basic knowledge and skill and give you additional inputs to make you stand out in the crowd. Programmes for children, teenagers, parents, brides and grooms and the retired person are also available in our finishing school. HISTORY OF FINISHING SCHOOLS: Switzerland is known for its private finishing schools, such as Institut Villa Pierrefeu or Institut Alpin Videmanette (now closed), where Diana, Princess of Wales studied, and Mon Fertile, where Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall was partly educated. The finishing school that made Switzerland renowned for such institutions was the Institut Villa Mont Choisi, founded in the 1870s, which closed in 1995/6. Other notable schools included Institut Chateau Beau-Cedre which closed in 2002. The term finishing school is occasionally used in American parlance to refer to certain small womens colleges, primarily on the East Coast, that were known for serving to prepare their female students for marriage. Since the 1960s, many of these schools have become defunct as a result of financial difficulties stemming from parents decreased interest in paying for such an education for their daughters. FINISHING SCHOOLS IN INDIA: Finishing School is a supplementary training school popular in India that attempts to make-up for deficiencies of low-tier colleges by providing specialized vocational training in technical fields such as computer programming and information technology. The recent boom in the Indian Economy has further enhanced the need for such finishing schools. These IT finishing schools cover technical skills as well as communication and problem solving skills. The biggest advantage of these finishing schools is that these schools cut down the deployable time for a company. Other finishing schools attempt to make up for deficiencies in the Indian secondary education system with regards to math and science education and bring the student up to the level necessary for attending university and gaining admission. For instance, it is not uncommon for Indian students to spend an entire 1 to 2 years studying in a tutorial cram school after secondary education to gain entrance into a top Medical or Engineering school. Western Countries are often flooded by extremely over-prepared and well networked Indian students, to the point of putting their own students at a disadvantage to their own rule and merit based college entrance and scholarship award systems where cram schools are virtually unknown, particular in Engineering and Medicine, areas which the Indian cram school focus on. WELL KNOWN FINISHING SCHOOLS IN INDIA: PRIYA WARRICK FINISHING SCHOOL, NEW DELHI WALCHAND DALE CARNEGIE FINISHING SCHOOL, BANGALORE GOOD SHEPHERD FINISHING SCHOOL, OOTY ECOLE SOLITAIRE, PUNE MODERN DAY FINISHING SCHOOL, MUMBAI SWISS PERSONA FINISHING SCHOOL, NEW DELHI ANOORADHA PATELS FINISHING SCHOOL, MUMBAI RIGHT STEP FINISHING SCHOOL, CHENNAI MAKEOVER FINISHING SCHOOL, GHAZIABAD 1.2 FRAMEWORK of SERVICES PROVIDED Level-1 Elementary level Concept of language Usage grammar Parts of speech Sentence formation skills Dialogue session Creative simple terminology Soft-skill development Different usage of action words Questioning skills Messaging skills Level-2 Advanced level Ideal Introduction Self-Confidence Perfection Session Listening Module Vocabulary Pronunciation Session Preparing Impressive CVs Manners: Request, Offer Permission Art of Thanking People Package for Corporate Executives Communication Skills Business Communication Verbal and Non Verbal Communication Active Listening Behavioral Telephonic Skills Behavior Traits Body Language Tone Presenting yourself Positive Attitude Confidence Building Etiquette Telephone and e-mail Etiquette Mannerism Art of Dressing Conversational Styles Change Management Understanding Change Causes of Change Resistance to Change Acceptance of Change Presentation Skills Public Speaking Presentation by Participants Role Plays Level-B Creativity Brainstorming Session Role Plays Small Projects Time Management Maintaining Time Log Prioritization to Works Art of Delegation Desk Paper Management Leadership Leadership Styles Dos of Effective Leadership Perception for Leadership Leadership by Delegation Team-Work We feeling Factors Blocking Contributing Team-Work Stages of Team development Conflict Management Techniques Practical Cases Stress Management Goal Setting Presentations and Role Plays Video Films Management Games Case Studies Package for Housewives known as Be a perfect lady Level-1 Personality Development Confidence Building Social etiquette: Walking, Talking, Sitting Dinning Etiquette Developing Conversational Skill Improving Body Language, Gestures Postures Personal Counseling Making your Importance felt in your family Level-2 Art of entertaining guest in Hotel Home Accompanying Husband to the Business Party Understanding Man Woman Relationship Advanced Dinning Etiquette Home Management Beverages: Cocktail Mock tail Preparation Developing Styles Special Sessions on Make-up, Hair style, Art of dressing Package for Spoken English Level Fees: Basic Level Rs.4, 000 Intermediate Level Rs.5, 000 Advanced Level Rs.7, 500 Duration: 3 Months Timings: Basic Level Morning: 8:00-9:30 Intermediate Level Noon: 4:00-5:30 Advanced Level Evening: 6:30-8:00 Days: Batch-1: Monday, Wednesday, Friday Batch-2: Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday Crash Courses Duration Fees: 5 Days: Rs.1500 10 Days: Rs.3000 15 Days: Rs.4500 Fees structure Package Fees (Rs.) For Students 5,000 For Corporate executives Level-A Level-B 7,000 9,000 For Housewives 4,500 Spoken English Basic Intermediate Advanced 4,000 5,000 7,500 Computer course Ms-office Tally 4,000 5,000 Crash courses 5 days 10 days 15 days 1,500 3,000 4,500 1.2 (A) Service Features 1.3 PROJECT REASONING: We have chosen to prepare a Project Feasibility Report on Finishing School wherein we have mainly focused on three groups as our target segments: Students Corporate executives Housewives In the context of Ghaziabad (Uttar Pradesh), we think the scope for the growth of our business is high due to following reasons: It is considered that the level of English in Ghaziabad is comparatively low due to influence of vernacular language specially Ghaziabadi. The result of our market survey also reflects the same scenario that the majority of the respondents prefer to join the finishing school to get fluency in English. This aspect can be taken as important opportunity for our business. Due to increasing professionalization of corporate enterprises, demand for well groomed professionals is increasing .To survive in such competitive scenario people are moving to such institutes which help them in grooming their personality and also in bringing best in them by giving their personality a complete touch. In Ghaziabad the competition level in this field being low there is a high growth opportunity available for us. We will survive and expand our business by providing best qualitative services to our customers and by maximizing their satisfaction. 1.4 FUTURE EXPANSION: Our Finishing School, Grooming Persona will constantly update its market knowledge so as to cater to the changing aspirations of our customers by providing such services as would become the paradigm of excellence for others in the same industry. In future we would like to expand our business by opening more branches of our school at various locations. And we are also thinking of having tie-ups with corporate. 1.5 FEASIBILITY STUDY: A feasibility study looks at the viability of an idea with an emphasis on identifying potential problems and attempts to answer one main question: Will the idea work and should you proceed with it? Before you begin writing your business plan you need to identify how, where, and to whom you intend to sell a service or product. You also need to assess your competition and figure out how much money you need to start your business and keep it running until it is established. Feasibility studies address things like where and how the business will operate. They provide in-depth details about the business to determine if and how it can succeed, and serve as a valuable tool for developing a winning business plan. WHY ARE FEASIBILITY STUDIES SO IMPORTANT? The information you gather and present in your feasibility study will help you: List in detail all the things you need to make the business work; Identify logistical and other business-related problems and solutions; Develop marketing strategies to convince a bank or investor that your business is worth considering as an investment; and Serve as a solid foundation for developing your business plan. Even if you have a great business idea you still have to find a cost-effective way to market and sell your products and services. This is especially important for store-front retail businesses where location could make or break your business. For example, most commercial space leases place restrictions on businesses that can have a dramatic impact on income. A lease may limit business hours/days, parking spaces, restrict the product or service you can offer, and in some cases, even limit the number of customers a business can receive each day. COMPONENTS OF FEASIBILITY STUDY legal feasibility technical feasibility human resource feasibility market feasibility financial feasibility LEGAL FEASIBILITY To define the legal and corporate structure of the business. A Legal Feasibility Study may also include professional background information about the founders and principals of the business and what skills they can contribute to the business. Legal feasibility study should include: Description of Your Business Structure Description of Your Organizational Structure Internal and External Principles and Practices of the Business TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY The Technical Feasibility Study assesses the details of how you will deliver a product or service (i.e., materials, labour, transportation, where your business will be located, technology needed, etc.). Think of the technical feasibility study as the logistical or tactical plan of how your business will produce, store, deliver, and track its products or services. A technical feasibility study is an excellent tool for trouble-shooting and long-term planning. In some regards it serves as a flow chart of how your products and services evolve and move through your business to physically reach your market. HUMAN RESOURCE FEASIBILITY It deals with the recruitment and selection of the proper kind of personnel in the various departments and also coming up with the ways of training, developing and retaining them by provision of various incentives and perks relevant to their needs and requirements. MARKETING FEASIBILITY All feasibility studies should look at how things work, if they will work, and identify potential problems. Feasibility studies are done on ideas, campaigns, products, processes, and entire businesses. Feasibility studies assess something and consider both pros and cons. They analyze potential business scenarios. A Marketing Plan maps out specific ideas, strategies, and campaigns based on feasibility study investigations that are intended to be implemented. Think of market feasibility studies as a logistical study and a marketing plan as a specific, planned course of action to take. What should be Included in a Market Feasibility Study? Things to Include in a market feasibility study include: Description of the Industry Current Market Analysis Competition Anticipated Future Market Potential Potential Buyers and Sources of Revenues Sales Projections FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY A financial feasibility study projects how much start-up capital is needed, sources of capital, returns on investment, and other financial considerations. It looks at how much cash is needed, where it will come from, and how it will be spent. A financial feasibility study is an assessment of the financial aspects of something. If this case, for starting and running a business. It considers many things including start-up capital, expenses, revenues, and investor income and disbursements. Other portions of a complete feasibility study will also contribute data to your basic financial study. A financial feasibility study can focus on one particular project or area, or on a group of projects (such as advertising campaigns). 1.6 WHAT IS SERVICE? A service is any act or benefit that one party can offer to another that is essentially intangible and does not result into ownership of anything. CHARACTERISTICS OF SERVICE: No Characteristics Marketing Implications Strategies 1 Intangibility No storage No ready display Communication problem Pricing difficulties Tangible clues like documentation Personal sources Word of Mouth Organizational image Post purchase communication 2 Inseparability Consumer Involvement in production Personal Selling Demand-Supply Match Selection training of contact person Manage consumers Multi-site location 3 Variability Difficulty in standardization Difficulty in Quality Control Service blue-print Training Internal External Customer satisfaction survey Staff monitoring 4 Perishability No inventorisation Complementary service Reservation system Part time employees during peak time Future expansion Complementary services 1.7 PARTNERSHIP DEED: DATE TIME: This agreement of partnership deed will execute on 1ST APRIL, 2013. Name Address of Partners Adrika Sharma- B-9, Shiksha Niketan Appts, Sec-5, Vasundhara Shefali Sharma- Kala Vihar, Mayur Vihar Extension, New Delhi Bhumika Yadav- B-16, Kaushambi, Ghaziabad A] NAME The business of the firm will be carried on under the name Grooming Persona. However the partners shall be entitled to change the name of the firm as agreed upon. B] BUSINESS OF PARTNERSHIP The business of the firm will be to provide training that results into development grooming of ones overall personality and makes him marketable in this cut-throat competitive market. C] DATE OF COMMENCEMENT The date of commencement of partnership is 1ST APRIL 2013. D] PLACE OF BUSINESS The principal place of the business of the firm will be at Address: 4th Floor Swapnil Complex, Raj Nagar Extension, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh E] DURATION It is not fixed. F] CAPITAL The initial capital of the firm will be Rs.12,30,000 equally contributed by all the 3 partners. G] DRAWINGS Drawings can be made by the partners as many times as he wish in the year taking into account the respective accounts. H] INTEREST We will be giving the interest of 5% on capital and we will be charging the interest of 6% on drawings. I] SHARE IN PROFIT OR LOSS Profit or loss of the firm will be shared equally among all the partners. J] ACCOUNTS The books of accounts of the firm will be closed once in a year preferably from April 1 to March 31. K] BANK ACCOUNTS That the bank account of the firm will be maintained in SBI, Vasundhara branch in the name of the firm which 2 of the working partners would be entitled to handle as agreed by all the partners. They shall be authorized to avail all type of facilities in the name of the firm that are generally allocated by the banks. TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY STUDY: 2.1 Plant Layout: 4,500 sq ft 2.2 Equipments: LCDs, computers, audio-video materials, Library, computer lab will act as a physical evidence. 2.3 PROCESS OF PROVIDING SERVICES: EntryOur Service delivery process will be as follows:- Inquiry about the courses offered Customers can be Students, Corporate executives or housewives Is he interested in joining school? Exit End Follow up ask the reasons for not joining c Admission Process (Collection of fees and advancing receipts) Training/Teaching End Evaluation at the end of the course End Awards and Certificate to them who successfully complete the course Exit 3. MARKET FEASIBILITY STUDY: 3.1 7 Ps of Marketing: Service Product level chart No. Level Service Offers 1 Core benefit Personality development 2 Basic product Qualitative teaching by competent faculties Lucid Study materials With library lab facility 3 Expected product Good infrastructure Regular classes Good interior exterior Competent faculties 4 Augmented product Individual attention Cultural activity celebration Well equipped Library Lab Video-conferencing Ergonomics aesthetic arrangements 5 Potential product Indoor games Health meditation facilities Personal coaches Better life career opportunity Price refers to Value for money. In our case Price refers to the course fees. Taking into account all the factors stated below we have determined most competitive price for our training packages. Price = Quantity of money received by service provider Quantity of service received by the customer Pricing Methodology: Our Pricing strategy is based upon Going rate pricing method. We have decided the fees structure for various training package which is nearer to the fees charged by our rivals so as to compete with them. Pricing Objectives Primary Objective: Being new entrant in this industry the primary objective of our pricing strategy is Survival and profit maximization. Secondary Objective: Once we get established in the market and achieve brand reputation then we would like to maximize our market share by opening new branches of our school and also by developing web portal to provide our services. Place refers to the physical existence of the service outlet where the customers will come into the direct inter course of the service provider and where services will be delivered by the service provider and received by the customers. Our Finishing school will be situated in the heart of the city. Address: 4th Floor Swapnil Complex, Raj Nagar Extension, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh Location Analysis Reasons for selecting the Location: We have hired the place on rent of Rs.4500 per sq ft. The reasons for selecting this place are as follows. Proximity to Customers: Raj Nagar Extension is considered to be both commercial as well as residential area. There are many colleges situated in this area o we will easily get access to our target segments. Transportation Facility: This area has well developed transportation facility with easy and speedy access to various means of transportation like buses, auto-rickshaws etc. Diverse income Groups: This area is considered to be economically developed area we can have access to the customers belonging to diverse income group. Better Infrastructure Low Cost: The infrastructure like access to transportation, energy, lift facility, communication facility is also very good. Rent is also reasonable compare to construction cost of the school in that context it has been selective option to hire the place in this location. Characteristics of Service Outlet Flexibility in Consumption High Flexibility in Production Low Flexibility in consumption: Availability of different timeslots to our customers will make the consumption flexible for them. Flexibility in production: It will be low at the initial level as there are no other branches or franchises of our school so there will be only single place for delivering our services. Once we get established in the market, we are thinking of expanding our business by opening new branches of our school and also by developing web portal to provide our services. The success of any new business entity depends on how well it has been able to create awareness about its products or services in its target segment so as to induce its consumption by customers. Promotion policy of business plays major role in this. Major means of promotion to be used by us are: Advertisement: Newspaper It will be the major mean of advertisement for our finishing school. We will be giving advertisement in, The Times Of India and in Ghaziabad Samachar. Leaflets with newspapers This will be the second mean of advertisement to be used by us wherein the leaflets of our finishing school will be attached with the newspapers. Hoardings We will be hiring the place like Vijay cross road, and Vastrapur for placing our hoardings. It refers to the managing both internal customers that is the human capital of business involved in the service delivering process and external customers those who will actually consume the services. Managing Internal Customers Elements: (1)Recruitment selection: We will be giving recruitment advertisement for faculties, receptionist and peon in The Times of India, Ghaziabad Samachar and Mail Today. . (2)Motivation: The employees will be provided with following monetary and non-monetary benefits like bonus, picnic, and celebration of cultural activities, awards and certificates. Besides we will also follow suggestion box scheme. (3)Team work:- It is the team spirit on the part of the employees which is behind the success of any business entity. The culture of our organization will be such that will help in imbibing this spirit in our employees to provide qualitative service to customers. We will be having a meeting twice in a month to discuss important issues of business. (4)Customer education:- It is necessary for the employees of the organization to know who their customers are, what are their requirements and accordingly deliver the services to give them maximum satisfaction. In our case the major role in service delivering process will be played by counselors and faculties. We will create a kind of environment that updates them about the changing customer requirements continuously like by way of Feedback Form to be filled by our customers who have already availed our services and asking for their suggestion for further improvements. No. of Employees: 12 Official Working Hours: 9:00am-9:00pm Designation No. of employees Working hours Centre Head 1 10:00am 8:00pm Counselors 2 10:00am 8:00pm Faculty Full time = 4 Visiting = 2 As per batch hours Receptionist 1 10:00am 6:00pm Peon 1 9:00am 9:00pm Sweeper 1 9:00am 11:00am 3:00pm 5:00pm Managing External Customers Elements: Characteristic of external customers influencing the Service Provider: Demographic factors like Education and family background, Occupation, Income, attitude aptitude, involvement of customer in the service delivering process, experience of customers, awareness perception has direct influence on the service provider. Awareness, Training Education of customers: The prime work on our part will be to make potential customers aware of our services by using various media like newspapers, hoardings, leaflets etc. Once they approach to our school for inquiry, this task will be handled by our counselors to create in them for joining school and once they join the school then responsibility of their training will be shouldered by our competent faculties. Services being intangible it is difficult to touch, and judge them so it becomes necessary for marketer to tangibalize the intangible so as to provide customers with various clues to make purchase decision. This task is performed by physical evidence. The physical evidences for our services will be as follows:- Name: Grooming Persona Punch Line: THE ULTIMATE FINISHING SCHOOL 3.2 MARKET SURVEY AND ANALYSIS: STEPS (1)Define the Problem Research Objectives: Market research is undertaken to achieve particular objectives by acquiring necessary information. The prime objective of our research is to find out scope and feasibility for establishing Finishing School in Ghaziabad. Other Objectives: To get the information regarding the number of finishing schools existing in the Ghaziabad. To find awareness level of people regarding finishing school. To find the potential market for new finishing school. To find out process of establishing new finishing school. To determine the competitive fees structure to attract maximum customers. (2)Develop Research Plan: Sources of data: Primary data: It is the first hand information collected by the researcher for its research purpose. For us primary sources of data collection were Visit of various Finishing schools People:-We have surveyed 1000 people of Ghaziabad for this purpose. Secondary data: The data collected from external sources where it was already existing for research purpose is known as secondary data like from Newspapers, Magazines, Internet etc. Data collection method Research approach:-Survey Approach Research instrument:-Questionnaires for consumers Sampling Plan: It mainly contains following 3 components. (1)Sample unit: It represents the target population for the survey. We mainly targeted students, corporate executives, and housewives living in Ghaziabad. (2)Sample size: The survey was of 1000 respondents (Male Female) of Ghaziabad city. We bifurcated them based upon their income level and occupation to make sample more representative of population. (3)Sampling Procedure: Convenience Method: We have surveyed conveniently accessible respondents like students of various schools and colleges of Ghaziabad and corporate executives and housewives residing I our nearby area

Crew Resource Management Essay

Military flying differs considerably from commercial aviation due to the special circumstances and restrictions involved. Military discipline revolves around utter obedience whereas CRM aims to foster a culture with encouraging the freedom to respectfully question authority. The primary goal of CRM is enhanced situational awareness, self awareness, leadership, assertiveness, decision making, flexibility, adaptability, event/mission analysis and communication. It recognizes that a discrepancy between what is happening and what should be happening is often the first indicator that an error is occurring. The complexity of military aviation environment demands a foundation of solid airmanship and a healthy, positive approach to combating errors. Aim To learn about the importance of CRM vis-Ã  -vis military aviation CRM – Definition CRM can be defined as a management system which makes optimum use of all available resources – equipment, procedures and people – to promote safety and enhance the efficiency of flight operations. CRM – Overview Crew (or Cockpit) Resource Management training originated from a NASA workshop in 1979 that focused on improving air safety. The NASA research at that time found the primary cause of the majority of aviation accidents to be human error, and further showed the main problems to be failures of interpersonal communication, leadership, and decision making in the cockpit. Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) has gained increased attention from the airline industry in recent years due to the growing number of accidents and near misses in airline traffic. Cockpit Resource Management is a far-reaching discussion of crew coordination, communication, and resources from both within and without the cockpit. CRM concepts have endured by not only integrating themselves into the fabric of training, but also expanding the team concept, evolving into new applications, and possibly most important to the original operators, inspiring development and integration of CRM into safety and quality assurance goals at the corporate level. A variety of CRM models have been successfully adapted to different types of industries and organizations, all based on the same basic concepts and principles. Crew Resource Management still continues to focus on CRM in the cockpit, but also emphasizes that the concepts and training applications provide generic guidance and lessons learned for a wide variety of ‘crews’ in the aviation system as well as in the complex and high-risk operations of many non-aviation settings. Characteristics – Military Aviation The military is a non-homogenous organization. Throughout military aviation there are variations in the type of aircraft, missions performed, number of crew, automation levels and much more. Military flyers are by nature rule based i.e they are bound by policies, procedures and regulations that are often complex and overlapping from multiple origins. Therefore there are four principle characteristics that entail the reason for variety in military CRM training. 1. The Man Civilian pilots are highly experienced in terms of flying hours contrary to the military pilots who are motivated and smart but must account for this large difference in experience. In commercial aviation, most pilots are hired on to airlines after they have achieved significant aviation milestones. In military flying, the pilots are cadets or young officers with almost no flying experience at all. They gain experience and proficiency on job. There are a large number of senior pilots and aircrew who garner substantial experience in their career. Another important factor is the age difference. In comparison, military pilots are exposed to demanding situations at an earlier age and do not have the liberty to make decisions based on experience. The rank and experience gradient causes pilots and aircrew to move away for career progression duties other than flying. The learning styles, attributed to age, also differ from commercial aviation. 2. The Machine The complexity of the machines operated by the military pilots is another factor in the training equation. A modern military aircraft requires that an aircrew member often make split second decisions regarding weapons and other automated systems. Several incidents have resulted in inadvertent weapon release, even resulting in the unintentional shooting down of a friendly aircraft. Military CRM must place additional emphasis on man/machine interface. 3. The Mission Military machines have multidimensional roles. They range from super-sonic fighters in high skies to anti-submarine operations dipping helicopter sonar into the sea. From air assault and combat teams skimming the earth’s surface to anti-ship missile firings, military aviation missions are diverse. At the same time, military aviators apply different set of rules to different missions such as higher HQ missions, ORIs, check rides, standard training missions, and ofcourse combat. This often creates a level of urgency in the operators mind about the set of rules to be followed for flying each day. CRM not only tackles this dilemma, it creates a cultural approach towards safety and operational efficiency. 4. The Environment The military is a fertile ground for hazardous attitudes to manifest themselves in young and aggressive aviators. Its only through effective CRM training that these aircrew members are shaped into safer and more effective aviators. Airline flight crews battle the environment, with safety the paramount concern. In contrast, in addition to the environment, the military aircrews must also engage a clever human enemy, armed with missiles and guns, who knows the fight is coming and constantly changes the rules. The relative importance of the mission must therefore be factored into the military CRM equation. Decision making by a young crew member in a combat environment, strapped inside a complex piece of military hardware while engaging a clever human enemy, is different than airline instructions. Therefore, training must be different and requires well deliberated modules in line with CRM practices. Ideology of Military CRM training The concepts which underpin CRM are not new; rather they are an attempt to distil old axioms into a more coherent management style across the flight regime. Safe and efficient military flight operations depend for their success not merely on the acquisition of sound technical knowledge and skills but also on the mastery by aircrew of the cognitive and interpersonal skills which form the basis of good CRM. Cognitive skills not only allow for the development and maintenance of good situational awareness but also underpin high quality problem solving and decision making techniques. In addition, interpersonal skills, which depend for their effectiveness on good communications, encourage the creation of synergy and the development of successful teamwork. Both cognitive and interpersonal skills are enhanced by a good emotional climate amongst the crew, but they are also easily degraded by stress, so management of the emotional climate and stress becomes an integral and important element of good CRM. CRM is not, therefore, merely an abstract management concept; it embraces principles and proficiency which, if combined with a high degree of technical knowledge and skill, will enable the crew to make best use of all available resources to achieve optimum efficiency in the conduct of operations while at the same time maximising the safety of the flight. Organizational benefits of military CRM efforts There are many prominent organizational benefits that have been realized from the military CRM efforts. Some of these are as follows: 1. Improved mission effectiveness 2. Improved aircrew-maintenance co-ordination and co-operation 3. Improved morale 4. Improved training efficiency 5. Better care and use of valuable hardware Conclusion CRM evolved as a program concern with only emphasizing on changing individual styles and correcting deficiencial behaviour in the first generation, to the second generation with more core skills like decision-making. The term cockpit was changed to crew at this point of era as they realised that other aviation community require CRM training as well. The third generation has major development such as including human factors concepts into its program. The fourth generation integrated organizational culture into its context. Till today, the fifth generation of CRM training is still evolving and consistently monitored for any changes to improve in safety. CRM training now shifted its focus to limitation of human performance as compared to the first generation which is psychological in nature. The prime focus of military CRM is on the quality of judgement rather than the quality of skills. CRM is not and never will be the only mechanism to eliminate error and assure safety in a high risk endeavor such as aviation. Error is an inevitable result of the natural limitations of human performance and the function of complex systems. CRM is one of an array of tools that organizations can use to manage error and achieve objectives by prioritizing CRM practice foremost i.e at the tip of the organizational spear.